Explanation:

- Association: Involves forming groups where cooperation is key, but conflict can arise from differing interests or goals.

- Competition: Inherently involves both cooperation and conflict. Cooperation may occur within teams striving for a common goal, while conflict arises against opponents.

- Adjustment: Primarily involves adapting to conditions, less direct about inherent cooperation and conflict, though both may appear indirectly.

- Assimilation: Process of integration into a larger group or culture, requiring cooperation, but potentially leading to conflict if differences are significant.