Explanation:

- Option 1: T. Parson

- Talcott Parsons was an American sociologist known for his work in sociology and social theory but not for economic theories or laissez-faire.

- Option 2: Margret Mead

- Margaret Mead was a renowned cultural anthropologist and did not work on economic models or the laissez-faire concept.

- Option 3: Adam Smith

- Adam Smith is the correct answer.

- He is known as the father of modern economics.

- In 1776, he published "The Wealth of Nations," which introduced the idea of laissez-faire, advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.

- His work emphasized free markets and competition.

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- Option 4: Karl Marx

- Karl Marx was a philosopher and economist known for his theories on socialism and communism, not laissez-faire or free-market economics.