Explanation:

• The idea that deviance is related to 'maternal deprivation' was claimed by John Bowlby.

• Bowlby was a psychologist known for his work on attachment theory. He argued that a lack of maternal care early in life can lead to emotional and behavioral problems, including deviance.

• Lombroso (Option 1) was a criminologist who theorized that criminality was inherited and could be identified by physical defects.

• Cohen focused on deviance and subcultures, especially among youth, but not maternal deprivation.

• Leon Festinger is known for cognitive dissonance theory, not maternal deprivation.

Correct Answer: Option 2: John Bowlby