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Society and community
(in his book Society an introduction analysis, 1950)
Society is the union in itself, the organization, the sum of formal relation in which associating individual are bound together.
He also says society rests on consciousness of kind (structural and function)
Society may be defined as the total complex of human relationship in so far as they grow out of human actions.
Society is viewed by sociologists as a chain of social relationships. A relationship is social, when it is determined by mutual awareness, that is, the behaviour of one individual influences the behaviour of another. For example, when a teacher enters the classroom, students stop making noise and stand up as a mark of respect for the teacher. This behaviour signifies the social relationship between the teacher and the taught. Thus, social relationships exist only when individuals behave towards one another in ways determined by their recognition of each other. This is why society is called a relational concept.
In other words, society is not a substantial concept. It does not denote a concrete reality; rather it refers to social relationships which become institutionalized, when people relate to each other in well-established and familiar ways.
Society has come into existence as a result of a contract between individual in order to fulfill there desire to live peacefully. It is result of will of the individual.
a. Hobbes
b. Locke
c. Rousseau
He says that early man was nasty and British and did not know about the society?
In order to live peacefully people formulated collective laws and sacrificed their liberty.
He says that in order to solve the problems people entered into an agreement.
Society came into existence out of the family. Some people say earlier family was patriarchal given by Henry Maine.
Also some people said Briffault (The Mothers) said earlier family was Matriarchal. Society is nothing but a briefed characterization of family.
Some powerful dominant people formed the society. But some say society came into existence by its own.
A. E. Durkheim: He says that society is sui-generis. A person takes birth in society. Society is having its own life. He says individual is having least control over the society. Society is becoming more complex in nature. (First true sociologist: E. Durkheim)
b. Marxian: Society is not the result of the will of individual. It came into existence in order to fulfill certain needs of the individual. Most basic needs are production of things (Food). In order to produce things they enter into relationship with other. This gives rise to society.
Society is having its own mind, which may be different from individual mind. So they give priority to society over individual. Main proponent was McDougall. Group mind cannot delineate the individual mind.
McIver’s two characteristic (conditions)
1. Locality: Group of people occupies particular localities.
2. Community sentiment: A sense of we feeling or collectivity a sense of identification with each other e.g. village. (Immigrant group may be community).
According to him community is a social group with some degree of we feeling and living in a given area.
Community is the total organisation or social life within a limited area.
Community is the smallest territorial groups that can embrace all aspects of social life.
The most important ingredients for a community to exist is the community sentiment
other characteristics include:
3. Likeness: Likeness in language or they have common culture or we can say community is marked by Homogeneity.
4. Particular name: it’s a source self-identity of a community.
5. Wider Ends: No particular interest but a wider aim is there.
6. Informal relationship: Members of community have informal relationship.
Which of the following is the essential conditions of community?
a. Locality b. We feeling
c. Likeness d. Wider ends
Ans. b) We feeling
Which of the following is the condition of community?
1. Locality 2. We feeling
3. Formal relation 4. Particular interest
a. 2 only b. 1, 2
C 1, 2, 3, 4 d. 1 only
Ans. b) 1, 2 only
Without which of the conditions community cannot exist.
1. Group of people 2. Likeness
3. We feeling 4. Wider ends
a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3
c. 1, 4 d. 2, 3, 4
Ans. b) 1, 3
He defined two type of community.
1. Little Community of size
2. Great Community of size
Four conditions of little community:
a. Smallness b. Distinctiveness
c. Homogeneity d. Self sufficiency
Great Community :Large groups of people may become community if they develop we feeling. He said even country can become a community; if they develop we feeling.
Which of the following is a community?
a) City b) town
c) Village d) Country
Ans. c) Village
(Howard Rhein gold 1993) It consist of members which are connected with each other thru information technology.
Community: Group of people we feeling locality wider ends likeness. Informal relation name.
Society: Group of people pattern of relation/structure organized. Institutional set-up.
Society
Community
Size
Generally large
Generally small
Bonds
Absent
Strong we feeling
Existence
Independently* (Globalization)
Exist within society
Relationship
Formal
Informal/intimate/diffuse relationship
Goals/Interest
Defined goal (By pol. System)
Wider ends
Culture
Heterogeneous/Differences**
Homogeneous/Likeness
Locality
No Particular Boundary
Distinctiveness
Nature
Abstract
Concrete/transparent
* But today in the era of Globalization, the independence of society is being questioned. There is a trend towards growing interdependence.
+ E.g. Village = Accused = Law
** There can be unity in diversity within society also. In India with large diverse culture still we have some underlined commanlity/likeness/unity, which is prevailing in India i.e. Ramayana, Festivals.
Which of the following is incorrect?
a. Society are generally large
b. Communities are relatively small
c. Larger communities can not exist
d. Society & community are large as well as small
Ans. C
a. Community is characterized by more incidence of informal relationship.
b. Community is generally localized in nature.
c. Members of community do not have
D Community is characterized by greater degree of likeness.
Ans. All correct.
a. Members of society share a common culture.
b. Member of society are subject to same institutional set-up.
c. Members of society are organised
d. Members of society do not have a sense of identification
Ans. A
By: Parveen Bansal ProfileResourcesReport error
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