Explanation:

- The statement “Cultural similarities are the consequences of parallel or convergent evolution” means that societies develop similar traits independently, due to facing similar challenges—not because of direct contact or borrowing.

- Option 1: Evolutionary school

- This school argues that cultures develop and evolve independently but may end up looking similar because of similar evolutionary stages or environmental factors.

- Correct Answer

- Option 2: Diffusionist school

- Focuses on cultural traits spreading from one society to another through contact, not independent development.

- Option 3: Functional

- This school emphasizes how cultural traits fit into the structure or needs of a society, not about origins or similarities.

- Option 4: None

- Not applicable, as the correct answer is clearly present above.