Explanation:

- The statement is about how values, beliefs, and norms change from culture to culture, so it's important to judge each culture by its own standards.

- Option 1: Cultural relativism – This is the correct answer. It’s a concept in anthropology and sociology that urges us to understand a culture based on its own rules, not from outside perspectives.

- Option 2: Studying norms – This means looking at rules for behavior in society, but doesn’t address judging cultures by their own standards.

- Option 3: Studying popular culture – This is about trends and interests in mainstream society, not about comparing or judging cultures.

- Option 4: Studying subcultures and countercultures – This means analyzing smaller groups within a society and how they differ from the mainstream, not specifically about judging cultures on their own terms.