Contemporary ideologies have arisen to challenge traditional ones mainly because ........

Political Theory And International Order (PCS) Political Theory

Contemporary ideologies have arisen to challenge traditional ones mainly because...

traditional ideologies bear no relevance to contemporary circumstances.

traditional ideologies were too optimistic in their assumptions about human nature

traditional ideologies are vulnerable to the criticism that they rested on far-reaching 'narratives' which over-simplify our complex world

people are no longer as interested in politics as they used to be

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Explanation:

The correct answer is 3, which may strike a rather 'postmodernist' note but nevertheless remains true. Some traditional ideologies (e.g. socialism) might not appear to be very relevant, but liberalism is alive and well. Not all traditional ideologies were based on optimistic premises - conservatism, for example, was strongly pessimistic . As for answer 4, people might not be very interested in party politics any more, but arguably there is more widespread interest in political issues than at any previous time