Can armed violence perpetrated by non State actors ever amount to an armed attack under Article 51 U...........

Political Theory And International Order (PCS) United Nations

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Can armed violence perpetrated by non-State actors ever amount to an armed attack under Article 51 UN Charter?

The conduct of non-State actors can never amount to an armed attack

The Caroline case serves as precedent that non-State actors can under particular circumstances commit an armed attack

There is no precedent in international law for the proposition that non-State actors can commit an armed attack

Non-State can both commit an armed attack and possess a right of self-defence under international law

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Explanation:

The Caroline case serves as sound precedent that the actions of non-State actors can give rise to self-defence and thus they can indeed amount to an armed attack. Equally, the UNSC implicitly held following the 9/11 attacks that terrorist conduct of this magnitude gives rise to a right of self-defence.