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The 14th century onwards,significant changes occurred in Europe .after the feudal crisis agricultural became less profitable as compared to gains in trade and commerce .Italy the birth place of renaissance ,had been prospering since the 11th to 12th century by supplying various artisanal goods to Europe from east .other European countries soon became eager to break the Italian monopoly over trade and began their search for new routes to India and the spice Islands in Indonesia ( east Indies).
Italian and Arab monopoly over old trade routes ,the rise of nation –states under strong monarchs ,renaissance and spirit of “God ,Glory and Gold” were among the several factors that contributed in the discovery of new routes and lands .
The Portuguese were the first ones to arrive ,followed by Dutch ,The English ,The Danes and The French.
The Portuguese were the first ones to arrive on Indian scene .the reason for arrival of Portuguese in India were both economic as well as religious .they had come to seek spices especially pepper as well as to destroy the monopoly of Arabs and Italians over trade with the east.they also wished to spread Christianity in Asia and Africa and restrict the increasing influence of Arabs and Turks.
Early Efforts
Vasco da Gama ( 1498)
Pedro Alvarez Cabral(1500):
Portuguese Governors
Francisco De Almeida( 1505-09)
Alfonso-De –Albuquerque ( 1509-1515)
Nino de Cunha( 1529—38)
Dutch factories
Decline of Dutch
Early Factories
Farrukhsiyar’s Farmans
Merger of companies
The Carnatic Wars
First Carnatic War (1740-48)
Second Carnatic War (1749-54)
Third Carnatic War (1758-63)
Battle of Wandiwash
Why the English Succeeded against Other European Powers
The revolt of 1857 was not an isolated phenomenon or an event in isolation. It represented a climax of long process. If we accept beginning of colonization process from battle of Plassey in 1757, then the reaction against such colonisation process started from 1757 itself. Such reaction was in form of smaller revolts by peasants, tribes, and parts of civil society. However such revolts were small, isolated were suppressed by Britishers yet they represented Indian reaction against British rule in India. These smaller revolts at different places have been called “Civil Rebellions’.
Name
Year
Area
Leader
Churas
1768 & 1832
West Bengal
NA
Bhils
1818-1848
Khandesh
Kolis
1824-48
Sahyadri hills of Gujarat & Maharashtra
Khasis
1829-32
Khasi hills of Assam & Meghalaya
Tirut Singh & Bar Manik
Kols
1831-32
Chotanagpur
Buddho Bhagat
Koyas
1840-80 & 1922-4
Rampa region in Andhra Pradesh
Alluri Sitaram Raju
Khonds
1846-48 & 1855
Orissa
Chakra Bisayi
Santhals
1855-56
Rajmahal hills in Bihar
Sidhu & Kanhu
Naiakdas
1858-59 & 1868
Panch Mahals in Gujarat
Rup Singh & Joria Bhagat
Kachha Nagas
1882
Assam
Samhudan
Mundas
1899-1900
Birsa Munda
1913
Banswara & Dungarpur
Govind Guru
Oraons
1914-15
Chotanapur
Jatra Bhagat
Thadoe Kukis
1917-19
Manipur
Jadonang & Rani Gaidinliu
By: Parveen Bansal ProfileResourcesReport error
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