Quadrilaterals:

 A quadrilateral is a closed shape with 4 sides. All the internal angles of a quadrilateral sum up to 360°

Which are the different quadrilaterals?

Polygons that have four edges and four vertices are known as Quadrilaterals. In real life, many objects resemble Quadrilaterals. A Quadrilateral has some basic properties i.e. it may be a regular or irregular shape, its interior angles sum up to 360°. Lets see the types of quadrilaterals with their properties and some examples.

How are Quadrilaterals Classified?

All the Quadrilaterals might have the basic properties but differ in some kind. All types of Quadrilaterals have their own unique properties.

They are as follows:

1. Square
2. Rectangle
3. Parallelogram
4. Trapezium
5. Rhombus
6. Kite

1. Squares:

Formulas of a Square

• Area of a Square = side × side, the side length of the square multiplied with the side itself.

• Perimeter of a Square = 4 × side, four times the side length.

• Diagonal of a Square = a√2, where a is the side of the square.

Properties of a square

• All interior angles are 90°.
• All sides of a square are equal in length.
• The diagonals of a square are also equal in length.
• The diagonals make two equal isosceles triangles. The intersection of Diagonals forms a perpendicular angle.
• Opposites sides of the squares are always parallel.

Example:

Chessboard

2. Rectangles: 

Formulas of a Rectangle

• Area of the rectangle = Length × Breadth
• Perimeter of the Rectangle = Length + Length + Breadth + Breadth>

                                               = 2 × Length + 2 × Breadth

Perimeter of the Rectangle = 2 × ( Length + Breadth)

• Diagonal of the Rectangle =d=√(l²+b²) where l and b are the Rectangle’s length and breadth.

Properties of a Rectangle

• The interior angles of a rectangle are 90°.
• The opposite sides of a Rectangle are parallel and equal.
• The diagonal is the line that joins the opposite vertices.
• The diagonal of the Rectangle creates two pairs of scalene triangles.

Example:

TVs, Mobile phones, Carpets

3. Parallelograms

Formulas of a parallelogram

• Area of the Parallelogram = b × h, where b is the base of the parallelogram base and h be the altitude of the parallelogram.

• Perimeter of the perimeter = 2 × (base + side length)

Properties of a parallelogram

• It has two pairs of equal opposite sides parallel to each other.
• Sum of their interior angles are 360°.
• Adjacent angles add up to 180°.
• Their opposite angles are equal.
• Their diagonals bisect each other.

Examples:

tangrams

4. Trapeziums

Formulas of a trapezium

• Area of the trapezium = ½ × h (a + b), where h is the altitude and a and b are the two base lengths.

• Perimeter of the trapezium = sum of all sides of the trapezium.

• Median of the trapezium is the line segment, which is halfway between the two bases. It is called the mid-segment.

M = (a + b)/2

Properties of a trapezium

• Trapeziums have two opposite unequal parallel sides.
• The interior angles of a trapezium add up to 360°.

5. Rhombus

Formulas for rhombus:

• Area of the rhombus = altitude ×side of the rhombus

Another way to calculate the area of the rhombus be divide the product of the two diagonals

 Area =AC x BD

• Perimeter of the rhombus =4× side of the rhombus.

Properties of a rhombus

• All four sides are equal.
• The diagonals intersect at 90°.

Everything about Kites

Formulas for kites

• Perimeter of a kite =2× (a + b)
• Area of a kite =h1×h2=h1×h2
  AB = h1 
  CD=  h2

Properties of a kite

• The diagonals intersect at 90°.
• The two adjacent sides are equal to each other.
• The diagonals bisect each other.