PIE CHART

What is Pie Chart?

The “pie chart” also is known as “circle chart”, that divides the circular statistical graphic into sectors or slices in order to illustrate the numerical problems. Each sector denotes a proportionate part of the whole.

The pie chart is a pictorial representation of data relative to a whole. Each portion in the circle represent an element of the collected data. The pie chart represents the composition of various elements in a whole. The total value of the pie chart is always 100%.  Each portion in the circle shows a fraction or percentage of the total. 

or

Pie chart is a circular graph which is used to represent data. In this :

• Various observations of the data are represented by the sectors of the circle.
• The total angle formed at the centre is 360°.
• The whole circle represents the sum of the values of all the components.
• The angle at the centre corresponding to the particular observation component is given by

Exercise:

The following pie-chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book. Study the pie-chart and the answer the questions based on it.

Various Expenditures (in percentage) Incurred in Publishing a Book

Question 1: If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay Rs. 30,600 as printing cost, then what will be amount of royalty to be paid for these books?

A. Rs. 19,450

B. Rs. 21,200

C. Rs. 22,950

D. Rs. 26,150

Explanation:

Let the amount of Royalty to be paid for these books be Rs. r.

Then, 20 : 15 = 30600 : r     =>     r = Rs. ( 30600 x 15 /20) = Rs. 22,950.

Question 2: What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on Royalty?

A. 15°

B. 24°

C. 54°

D. 48°

Explanation:

Central angle corresponding to Royalty = (15% of 360)°

= ( 15/100 x 360 ) °

= 54°.

Question 3  :The price of the book is marked 20% above the C.P. If the marked price of the book is Rs. 180, then what is the cost of the paper used in a single copy of the book?

A. Rs. 36

B. Rs. 37.50

C. Rs. 42

D. Rs. 44.25

Explanation:

Clearly, marked price of the book = 120% of C.P.

Also, cost of paper = 25% of C.P

Let the cost of paper for a single book be Rs. n.

Then, 120 : 25 = 180 : n     =>     n = Rs. ( 25 x 180 )/120 = Rs. 37.50 .

Question 4: If 5500 copies are published and the transportation cost on them amounts to Rs. 82500, then what should be the selling price of the book so that the publisher can earn a profit of 25%?

A. Rs. 187.50

B. Rs. 191.50

C. Rs. 175

D. Rs. 180

Explanation:

Acc to pi chart 
transportation cost = 10% = 82500 

i.e 10% = 82500 & 100% = 825000 
total cost for 5500 copies 
cp of 5500 copies = 825000 
cp of 1 copy = 825000/5500 = 150 rs 
now 
c.p : s.p 

4    :   5 
the value of 4 unit i.e c.p = 150 rs 
1 unit = 150/4 = 37.5 
=> 5 unit (s.p) = 187.5 rs 
option A 

.Question 5:Royalty on the book is less than the printing cost by:

A. 5%

B.33 (1/5) %

C. 20%

D. 25%

Explanation:

Printing Cost of book = 20% of C.P.

Royalty on book = 15% of C.P.

Difference = (20% of C.P.) - (15% of C.P) = 5% of C.P.

Therefore Percentage difference = ( Difference/Printing Cost x 100 ) %

  = ( 5% of C.P./Printing Cost x 100 ) % = 25%.

Direction : The following pie-chart shows the sources of funds to be collected by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) for its Phase II projects. Study the pie-chart and answers the question that follow.

Sources of funds to be arranged by NHAI for Phase II projects (in crores Rs.)

Question 6: Near about 20% of the funds are to be arranged through:

A.        SPVS

B.        External Assistance

C.        Annuity

D.        Market Borrowing

Explanation:

20% of the total funds to be arranged   = Rs. (20% of 57600) crores

= Rs. 11520 crores

~= Rs. 11486 crores.

Rs. 11486 crores is the amount of funds to be arranged through External Assistance.

Question  7: If NHAI could receive a total of Rs. 9695 crores as External Assistance, by what percent (approximately) should it increase the Market Borrowing to arrange for the shortage of funds?

A.        4.5%

B.        7.5%

C.        6%

D.        8%

Explanation:

Shortage of funds arranged

through External Assistance   Therefore= Rs. (11486 - 9695) crores

= Rs. 1791 crores.

Therefore Increase required in Market Borrowing = Rs. 1791 crores.

Percentage increase required = (1791/29952    x 100 ) % = 5.98% ~= 6%.

Question 8:If the toll is to be collected through an outsourced agency by allowing a maximum 10% commission, how much amount should be permitted to be collected by the outsourced agency, so that the project is supported with Rs. 4910 crores?

A.        Rs. 6213 crores

B.        Rs. 5827 crores

C.        Rs. 5401 crores

D.        Rs. 5316 crores

Explanation:

Amount permitted      = (Funds required from Toll for projects of Phase II) +

   (10% of these funds)

= Rs. 4910 crores + Rs. (10% of 4910) crores

= Rs. (4910 + 491) crores

= Rs. 5401 crores.

Question 9: The central angle corresponding to Market Borrowing is

A.        52°

B.        137.8°

C.        187.2°

D.        192.4°

Explanation:

Central angle corresponding to Market Borrowing = (29952/57600  x 360°)= 187.2°

Question 10: The approximate ratio of the funds to be arranged through Toll and that through Market Borrowing is

A.        2 : 9

B.        1 : 6

C.        3 : 11

D.        2 : 5

Explanation:

Required ratio =4910/29952 

1:6.1

=> app. 1:6
option B