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Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles along with breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer equipment have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. A vehicle, divers often became sluggish and their mental concentration was limited. Because of underseA pressure that affected their speech organs, communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make direct observations by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples taken from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Director observations of the ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines and aerial photography. Some of the submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet. In addition, radio- equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories, often via satellite. Particularly important are date about water temperature, currents and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution of seA ice, oil slicks, and cloud formations over the ocean. Maps created from satellite pictures can represent the temperature and the colour of the ocean’s surface, enabling researchers to study the ocean currents and weather. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect and analyze data from submarines and satellites. By creating A model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the environment.
Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellite is and computers than on research ships of even submarine vehicles because they can supply A greater range of information more quickly and more efficiently. Some of mankind’s most serious problems, especially those concerning energy and food. Maybe solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.