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Read the passage and answer the following question Although management principles have been implemented since ancient times, mostmanagement scholars trace the beginning of modern management thought back to theearly 1900s, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Taylorwas the first person to study work scientifically. He is most famous for introducingtechniques of time and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and forsystematically specializing the work of operating employees and managers. Along withother pioneers such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling hisphilosophy and methods “scientific management’. At that time, his philosophy, whichwas concerned with productivity, but which was often misinterpreted as promotingworker interests at the expense of management, was in marked contrast to the prevailingindustrial norms of worker exploitation. The time and motion study concepts were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s dishwashing and bed-makingchores, this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles whereby workerscould eliminate waste motion. He was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”. The Gilbreth methods included using stop watches to time worker movements andspecial tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study worker performance, andalso involved identification of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic motionsused in production jobs. Many of these motions and accompanying times have been usedto determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this wayan industrial engineer can get a handle on the approximate time it should take to producea product or provide a service. However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely tolead to useful results unless all five work dimensions are considered: physical,psychological, social, cultural, and power.
According to the passage, the time it takes a skilled worker to perform themotion of a given job can be measured by using:
Stop watches
All 5 work dimensions
Special tools
Therbligs
- Option 1: Stop watches
- Stop watches were part of the Gilbreths' methods to time worker movements.
- Not specifically mentioned as a tool to measure time for skilled worker motions directly.
- Option 2: All 5 work dimensions
- Important for analyzing work broadly, including physical, psychological, and social aspects.
- Not specifically mentioned in the passage as a tool for measuring time for skilled worker motions.
- Option 3: Special tools
- Includes cameras and special clocks used by the Gilbreths for monitoring and studying performance.
- Helps in measuring time but isn’t specifically noted for skilled worker motions in the passage.
- Option 4: Therbligs
- Basic motions identified and analyzed by the Gilbreths.
- Used to determine how long it should take a skilled worker to perform a job.
- Correct Answer
-
By: Munesh Kumari ProfileResourcesReport error
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