Read the following passage and answer the following questions:

All over the world populations are concentrated more in the cities, places which are infinitely more heterogeneous - socially, culturally and religiously, than most rural communities. Moreover. as migratory flows have continued, driven by war, famine, or simply the desire for greater security and a better life, the ethnic landscape of many cities has become much more varied. Immigration into cosmopolitan areas actually accelerated in the 1980s and early 1990s, and after a brief slowdown is accelerating yet again. As a result of foreign immigrants, populations in these cities have become diverse.
As a result, family structures in most cities have undergone important transformations. The traditional nuclear family has been superseded by a mixture of alternative configurations -unmarried couples, single parents, double income no kids and especially among immigrants -extended families. There is spectacular growth in single-person households too. And going hand in hand with these changes within cities has been the emergence of an ever more colourful kaleidoscope of values, cultures, religions and spiritual beliefs. The urban world is becoming a melting pot. There is a spread of "postmodern” values, implying not only greater concern for the quality of life and tolerance, but also a greater attachment to individual self-expression and individual value systems.