Explanation:

Let’s break it down, option by option:

- Retribution: This is about punishment as payback. The criminal gets what they deserve, matching the crime.

- Deterrence: This is aimed at scaring people away from committing crimes—either stopping the criminal from reoffending or warning others.

- Incapacitation: This means taking the criminal out of society so they simply can’t commit more crimes. Think prison or death penalty.

- Misappropriation: This isn’t a punishment goal—it’s actually a type of crime, like stealing or misusing resources.

Correct Answer: Option 2, deterrence. The main objective behind capital punishment and imprisonment is usually to deter future crimes, not just to remove someone or get revenge.