Explanation:

Both statements are correct.

• Dark pattern is a term used in user experience (UX) design to describe design elements that intentionally mislead, deceive, or trick users into taking actions they might not have taken otherwise.

• Also known as ‘Deceptive Pattern’, these are the sneaky maneuvers on websites and apps that make you click on things or sign up for services that you didn’t intend to.

• Dark patterns are manipulative design tactics used in digital interfaces to guide users into making decisions that benefit the organization.

• False urgency, basket sneaking, confirm shaming are examples of dark patterns.

• They’re the reason you sometimes find it exceedingly difficult to cancel a subscription or opt out of an email list.

Why in news?

• The central government will soon notify new guidelines for prevention and regulation of “dark patterns” or deceptive practices used by online platforms to deceive consumers into doing something they don’t want.

Hence option 3rd is correct.