Panwar or Parmar dynasty in Uttarakhand :

In the absence of military power Garhwal area was divided into 52 small fortresses (fort). This fort was under the rule of Thakuri kings. The founder of the Pandar dynasty King Bhanupratap of Chandpurgarh was the most powerful of his contemporaries. In 887 AD, Prince of Malbaa Kanakpal had come to Garhwal area for the visit of Badrinath Temple. Raja Bhanupratap gave a warm welcome when he visited on the pilgrimage and married his daughter to him. Since then, Parmar dynasty was established in Garhwal. Pandwar Dynasty or Parmar Dynasty, from 888 to August 1949 (merged in India of Tehri State), gave a presentation on Garhwal area. During this, 60 kings carried rule in which King Ajaypal received the highest fame.

      King Ajaypal (1500 to 1519) was the 37th ruler of the Pandar dynasty. They laid the foundation of a vast kingdom to conquer all the strongholds of the Garhwal area. He has given the credit for the integration of Garhwal. They transferred their capital from Chandpur Garhari to Devalgarh (1512) and finally Srinagar in 1517. Of course, King Ajaypal can be considered the most powerful king of the Garhwal area. He tok away the the golden throne from the ancient Katyuri rulers. The construction of the Devalgarh Raj Rajeshwari temple was also done by King Ajaypal. Raja Ajaypal's reign (19 years) passed in war and state reform, he died at the age of 59 years.  

Shah's title :

Bal Bhadra Panwar, the king of the Pandar dynasty, was given the title of Shah by the ruler of the Lodi dynasty by Baholol Lodi, and he began to be known as Balabhadra Shah. He became the first King to add the title of Shah in his name to Pandar Dynasty. After them, the practice of using the title of Shah by all the kings became prevalent.

Mahipati Shah became the heroic and courageous king of the Pandar dynasty, "Madho Singh Bhandari" was the eminent general of Mahapati Shah and Amatya. In 1631, before the death, he captured most of the land of Garhwal. After his death, his wife, Rani Karnavati took over the throne. They failed the Mughal invasion on Doon valley and captured the Mughal soldiers and cut their noses. After this incident, Queen Kannavati became famous as the "Nakti Rani" or "Nakkati Rani". Fateh Shah became the next famous king, he fought a battle against Guru Gobind Singh on behalf of Shivalik Raja's in the Battle of Bhangini (18 September 1688).

Mahithi Shah's son, Prithitishh took over the throne in 1646; At that time, Aurangzeb was in Delhi to take his father Shahjahan throne and put him in a prison and kill his brothers. He could reach the throne only by killing the brothers because he was the youngest. His eldest brother, Daraishkoh, and after him his son Sulaiman was the official  king of  the thronr. At that time, the Garhwal King Paryeshah gave the protection to Suleiman Shukoh on the request of King Jay Singh. Aurangzeb tried many attempts to capture Suleman Shikoh, but he failed to succeed because of being in the protection of King Prithivishha.     

Fatehshah ( Grandson Mahapati Shah) gave a donation to Sikh Guru Ram Rai near Khudbuda on the recommendation of Aurangzeb in 1699, Ram Rai built kachha temple in Dhamwala. Ram Rai's widow, Kampa Kunwar, made a substantial amount of money to make a  bricked gurudwara. By staying Sikh Guru Ram Rai, even more Gurubhakt started coming here. King Fatehshah donated to three villages namely Khuddbuda, Rajpur and Chamasari Guru Temple. After that Fateh Shah's grandson Pradeep Shah handed over four villages - Dhamwala, Mianwala, Panditwadi and Dhrantawala to the gurus in the jagir. After this, Rajas gave donations like land or villages to  gurus from time to time.        

Gorkhas enter the Uttarakhand :

In the year 1790, the Gorkhaan rule was started on Kumaon. Gorkha had defeated Chand's and took over Almora. Bahadur Shah led the Gorkha attack on the invitation of Harsh Dev Joshi of Kumaon. In this group, Amar Singh Thapa, Hastidal Chaurasia and others were Gorkha warriors. Harsh Dev Joshi was an ambitious person, wanted to be the ruler of Kumaon, that is why he invited Gorkhas to invade. Gurkha managed to win the Kumao without any major resistance. 

Garhwal was attacked by Gorkhas in 1791 but Gorkha was defeated. Garhwal King Pradyumna Shah suppressed this attack by paying Gurkhas  25,000 rupees annually and took promised to not recapture the Garhwal by the Gurkhas.

In 1803, the earthquake in the Himalayan belt resulted in a tremendous earthquake of Garhwal. Taking advantage of this, in February 1803, Gorkhas attacked the capital of Garhwal, Srinagar. Due to the calamity, the king became weak, eventually he left Srinagar and fled to Saharanpur.    

War of Khudbuda :

Garhwal King Pradyumna Shah sold all his ornaments and organized the army again with the help of the people. The battle between Pradyumna Shah's army and the Gorkhas at Khudbuda ground in Dehradun, in May 1804, was a decisive battle, on 14th May 1804, Pradyumna Shah was killed in battlefield, and Garhwal area too came under the control of Gurkhas.

Gorkha sent a son of Pradyumna Shah to Kathmand Pritam Shah and sent to Kathmandu while the second son, Sudarshan Shah, continued his war against Gorkha by staying in Haridwar. On the demand of Sudarshan Shah, British Governor Lord Hastings sent an Angadi army against the Gorkhas in October 1814; General Rolo Gillespie led the English army, led by Balbhadra Singh Thapa, the leader of the Gurkhas. 

Battle of Khangula Fort (Nalapani) :

After getting news of the arrival of the English army to Dehradun, under the leadership of Balbhadra Singh Thapa, who had run the Gorkha regime, all the people gathered at the Khangula fort located at Gorkha Nalapani. This war, which began on October 30, finally ended with the victory of the British army on November 30,1814.

Battle of Nalapani  :

Balbhadra Singh Thapa managed to survive and escaped. In front of the British army present in large numbers, the Gorkhas performed a skilled war, Gorkhas killed many English soldiers, including Gen. Rolo Gillespie, of a fiercely contestable fight in this battle. In this way, in 1815, Garhwal was liberated from the rule of Gorkhas. 

Capital in Tehri  :

Because of not paying the expenditure of the war (Rs 7 lakh) by Raja Sudarshan Shah, the British captured the eastern land of Garhwal. For this reason, Sudarshan Shah transferred his capital Srinagar from Garhwal to Tehri on December 28, 1815. Till 1st August 1949, the rule of the Pandar dynasty continued in Tehri. 

Sudarshan Shah ruled Tehri from 1815 to 1859. After this his son Bhavani Shah (1859 - 1871) took over the throne.
Pratap Shah sat on the throne after the death of King Bhavani Shah in 1871. He laid the foundation of Pratapnagar city in 1877. Tehri city was very hot in the summer due to the confluence of Bhilangana and Bhagirathi and at a height of only 2000 feet from the sea level. To get rid of this, King Pratap Shah established Pratapnagar 9 miles from the city of old Tehri. Pratapnagar is situated at an altitude of 7,000 feet above sea level. Before the city was formed, there were large numbers of trees like Burrish, Cough oak etc. The King here built the castle etc. The Pratapnagar route from Tehri was also built by the king.

King Kirti Shah (1886-1913) established Kirtinagar in 1894 near Srinagar. In 1893, due to landslides in the Birhihi Ganga, a subsidiary of the Alaknanda River, the huge rocky river fell into the river and the route of the river was blocked. Guna Lake was built due to this barrier. The devastating floods caused by the lake  due to collapse occurred in 25-26 August 1994, with the highest loss in Srinagar city. King Kirti Shah laid the foundation of Kirtinagar town near the ruined city of Srinagar. They were given the title of CSI by the British in 1898.

In 1919, Maharaja Narendra (1913-1946) transferred the capital of Tehri state from Tehri to Narendranagar, the city of Narendranagar came into being, it was first known as Odathali. This place comes in the Shiwalik hills. From this picturesque site, the area of ??Haridwar, Rishikesh and Dehradun can be seen. In his period, the Prajamandal was established. He had appointed his son Manvendra Shah as the king during his life. 

Manavendra Shah (1946 - 1949) - In the year of his reign the kingdom of Tehri became a part of Independent India on August 1, 1949.