Agricultural Practices in Rajasthan :

Rajasthan's agriculture is essentially rain-fed, but due to continuous increase in the means of irrigation, there has been an increase in the production of various food grains and commercial crops. Due to variations of the physical climatic socio-economic conditions of Rajasthan, spatial variation is found in the agrarian traditions and means. Agriculture is not only economically important but also socially in the state. 

At present, about 50 percent of the state's total income obtained from agriculture and animal husbandry.  Rajasthan is the largest state in the country interms of area . It has the fourth place in the country in terms of agricultural sector .In Rajasthan, there is about 11 percent of the country's total agriculture sector . Total geographical area of ??the state sown is 48.30 percent. Agriculture is mainly based on rain.The local variation in agriculture is found here. Here agriculture is instrumental in the national income generation, the basis of life, the main tool of employment, the source of foodgrains and the development of secondary and tertiary occupations . The state's first place is in the production of oilseeds, coriander, cumin, cotton, isabgol, fenugreek, barley, groundnut, pepper, millet.

Key Features of the State's Agriculture :

• Monsoon gambling, 
• Enhancement of food crops production,
• Increasing trend towards business crops in the past decade, 
• Inequality in agriculture sector distribution, excessive dry agriculture, 
• Excess of labor,
• Small size of the land holdings,
• Relatively less use of compost and fertilizers etc.

Due to the geographical inequalities of the state, there is local variation on the regional basis in agriculture. Agriculture is different in different areas. 
The following are different types of agriculture in the state:

(1) 'Walara' or 'Jhuming or Walra Farming':  

In the southeastern part of Rajasthan, the forests have been burnt by Bhils, Garasia daomor etc, in that ash (phosphorous) used for crop like maize etc. has been done in Mewar and Bagh region when rainfall occur. After doing farmring for 2 or 3 years land then left open. In Rajasthan this type of farming is called 'Walra', in Assam 'Juming' , in MP 'Kumari' says. It is tribal, strenuous and undeveloped agricultural system. Due to the destruction of the forest, the problem of environment has also increased. Now due to the shortage of the forest, 'Walera' agriculture has also reduced considerably. 

(2) Dry Farming : 

In the Western and Transitional Zones of Aravali, Rajasthan, where the average annual rainfall is lesser than 52 cm 'dry agricultural system' occur . This pedestal is popular in Jaipur, Dausa, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Churu, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Pali, Nagaur, Tonk, Karauli etc. As soon as it rains, the cultivation of sowing starts and the sowing is done as per the requirement and the preserved moisture is raised above the plowing and the pallet is run in the same area and it is leveled. Thus, by repeating this process, moisture is preserved and suitable temperature for sowing and sown when there are optimum temperature, this is called 'dry farming' .  
 

(3) Irrigated Farming : 

In the places of 10 to 50 centimeters of rainfall, irrigation canals, wells, dams, ponds, water supply is required, "irrigated farming" is done.Irrigated irrigation is done in districts like Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur, Karauli, Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Ajmer, Pali, Bhilwara, Udaipur, Dungarpur, Rajsamand etc.

(4) Humid Farming : 

The agricultural practice is prevalent in the soil which can stop water for longer periods of time. This type of cultivation is done in some parts of Kota, Baran, Banswara, Jhalawar, Banas and Sabarmati. It is an area of black and cotton soil and contains crops like rice, cotton, wheat, garden crops, sugarcane, maize, jowar, tur etc.
 

 (5) Mixed farming : 

In this type of farming, many crops are sown together, such as wheat and gram etc. This is the method of farming in which the farmer cultivates more than one crop of crops in one field at one time. Seeds of different rows are sown in three types - 

(1) Sowing seeds in queues  
(2) Mixing seeds together and then sprinkling them. 

                             The regions that are highly irrigated or receive abundant water supply are utilized for the cultivation of improved high-yielding varieties of rice. Some places of Rajasthan that has black soil nurture the growth of major cash crops like Cotton. In some regions Tobacco is also grown. 
 Apart from these crops an assortment of fruits and vegetables are also grown in Rajasthan in the local gardens and some fertile regions. These fruits include Oranges, Guavas, Lemon, Pomegranates and Mangoes. Rajasthan soil is also suited for the growth of some spice plants, especially red, hot chilies. These chilies give Rajasthan its distinct flavor. Other spices are cumin seeds and methi.