Rohtang Pass, Himachal Pradesh :

Rohtang Pass is one of the highest jeepable mountain passes in the eastern part of the Pir Panjal Range of the Himalayas. It is one of the most sought after tourist destinations, closed to access during the winters.

Rohtang Pass, or Rohtang La, is a high jeepable mountain pass amidst the eastern Pir Panjal Range of snow laden mountains, elevated at an altitude of 3,978 metres (13,051 feet) above mean sea level. It is located 51 kilometres (32 miles) along the Leh-Manali Highway from the tourist famous town of Manali, in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. A popular tourist destination during the summers, the Rohtang Pass provides some of the most scintillating and arresting visuals of the snow-capped Himalayan mountain peaks. It connects the Kullu Valley and the Lahaul and Spiti Valleys of Himachal Pradesh. 

Etymology :
The Rohtang Pass derives its name from the unfortunate deaths of people who attempted to cross the pass in bad weather. ‘Rohtang’ in Bhoti language refers to a pile of corpses. 

Geography :

The Rohtang Pass provides a natural divide between the humid Kullu Valley in the south which has a predominant Hindu culture and the higher and arid Lahaul and Spiti valleys in the north with a predominant Buddhist culture. In addition to Lahaul and Spiti, Rohtang Pass is a gateway to the Pangi valley in Himachal and the Leh valley in Ladakh.

Rohtang serves as a gateway to Ladakh just as the Zojila Pass. It lies on the watershed separating the Chenab and the Beas riverbasins. The Beas River emerges from underground on the southern end of the pass, flowing southwards, while on its northern end, the Chenab River sources from the Chandra River flowing from the eastern Himalayas towards the west. The amazing visual of the Chandra River flowing down can be caught in the Lahaul valley along the pass, with that of the glaciers and peaks. The twin peaks of Geypan are also visible from the pass. 

Tourism in Rohtang Pass :

The Rohtang Pass remains open only during the summer months from May to November. Though not difficult or high to cross through as per the Himalayan standards, the pass is considered dangerous for being vulnerable to unpredictable snowstorms and blizzards. 

Rohtang Pass enlists itself high on the itineraries of tourists who visit Manali, Kullu, Shimla, Leh and other adjoining areas in summer, and is a hotspot for adventure enthusiasts. Adventurous activities such as trekking, skiing, mountain biking, snow scooters, sledges, paragliding and ATVs (all-terrain vehicles) can be experienced while at Rohtang. There are also small eateries and stalls up there that serve snacks to the tourists. 

Being an important strategic zone, it is an alternate military route during the summers, with military trucks, vehicles and goods carriers navigating through the narrow stretch of the pass along rough terrains, impeded by snow and ice at different points en route. This makes the Rohtang Pass inevitably blocked with tourist and military traffic, causing delays in being passed through. This increase in traffic along the Rohtang Pass has aroused a sense of fear amongst the environmentalists, who predict this will have its impact on the fragile ecology of the mountains. The rise in average temperature and melting of glaciers are already issues of concern. 

Rohtang Road Tunnel :

Given the military significance of the Manali-Leh highway and the need to keep it open to access all round the year, the Indian governmentbegan constructing a $320 million road tunnel to bypass Rohtang Pass, in 2010. The 8.5 kilometres (5.3 miles) long Rohtang Tunnel is meant for the purpose of creating a much safer and faster year-around link to Keylong, Lahaul and Spiti and Leh in Ladakh. This tunnel will shorten the distance by about 50 kilometres (31 miles) and reduce the travel time by 5 hours, between the southern and northern faces of Rohtang Pass. While it presently takes 4 to 6 hours to ascend, navigate and descend the Rohtang Pass, it will take only about 30 minutes to travel through the Rohtang tunnel. The tunnel has completed in 2018. The tunnel is intended to create an all-weather route to Leh and Lahaul and Spiti valleys in Himachal Pradesh.