Explanation:

The land revenue system, the system of Batai was introduced in the beginning of the reign of Ranjit Singh and it continued up to a period of 1823. In 1824, Batai system was replaced by a system of assessment known as Kankut. The share of the Government was determined on the basis of a standing crop whose value was estimated in terms of money. The share of the state was collected in cash. After 1834, Ranjit Singh began to encourage the practice of farming of periods varying from 3 to 6 years. The state demand varied from two-fifths to one-third of the produce of the year. In addition to the regular share of the produce the state claimed a number of Abwabs or cesses which were collected along with the land revenue of which they formed a fixed proportion. The land revenue was collected twice a year, a month or so after the reaping of the two harvests called Rabi and Kharif. The chief officer in charge of collection in a district was the Kardar and he was assisted by subordinate officials like Muqadams, Patwaris and Kanungos. The proceeds of revenue were kept in the district treasury under the contral of a Kardar and were either sent to Lhore or disposed of according to the orders of the Central Government.