Explanation:

Alexander, the Great of Macedonia was the first European invader that set foot in Punjab via Chitral and Swat (Shehab, 1989: 21). In 326 BC, after breaking the might of Persians, he entered their final satrapy of Punjab. After occupying many areas, he settled his multi-national army in which majority was of Greeks and Macedonians. His expeditions were documented in the works of Strabo (10 BC), Arrian (125 AD), Ptolemy (150 AD), and others. They also described that the region had plenty of mighty rivers and was divided into four kingdoms. In the Greek maps, it has been mentioned that mightiest river of the entire world is Indos (Indus) with its tributaries. Strabo and Arrian had described the areas between Indus and Sutlej, as they were when the great Macedonian marched through them (Thorburn, n.d.). Ibn Battuta who entered Punjab in 1333 AD writes; “we reached the valley of Sindh known as the Panjab, which means five waters” (as cited in Mahdi, 1953: 5). This was the tract lying between Indus and Jumuna.Right from the invasion of Alexander, Punjab bore the burnt of several aggressive assaults of hordes from North.

Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great. It became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic (Greek) Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years.