Sultans of Kashmir :

Ali Shah (Kashmir) : Ali Shah Ali Shah (Kashmir) was the sultan of Kashmir in 1585. He was removed from office in this year by the forces of Akbar. His son Yaqub continued an active resistance until June 1589.

Sikandar Shah Miri : Sikandar Shah Miri better known as Sikandar Butshikan ("Sikandar the Iconoclast"), was the sixth sultan of the Shah Miri dynasty of Kashmir. He ruled the kingdom from 1389 to 1413 and is criticised for his strenuous efforts to forcefully convert the Hindus of Kashmir to Islam. He is remembered by Hindus for perpetrating hardship upon his non-Muslim subjects in a bid to make them convert to Islam. It was under the influence of the Sufi saint, Mir Mohammad Hamadani, that he committed atrocities against non-Muslims in his lands. Large numbers of Hindus converted, fled, or were brutally tortured and killed for refusal to convert during his reign.

Sikandar won the sobriquet of but-shikan or idol-breaker, due to his actions related to the desecration and destruction of numerous temples, chaityas, viharas, shrines, hermitages, and other holy places of the Hindus and Buddhists. He banned dance, drama, music, iconography and such other religious, cultural or aesthetic activities of the Hindus and Buddhists, and classified them as heretical and un-Islamic. He forbade the Hindus to apply a tilak mark on their foreheads. He did not permit them to pray and worship, blow a conch shell or even to toll a bell. So unspeakable was Sikandar's tyranny that he even stopped Hindus and Buddhists from cremating their dead and compelled them to bury the bodies using Muslim rituals. He imposed the Jizya, a poll-tax to be paid by non-Muslims living as subjects in a Muslim state, and the levy was a heavy one: each non-Muslim was required to pay an annual tax of four tolas of silver.

Yousuf Shah Chak : He was a ruler of Kashmir. He was successor of his father Ali Shah Chak and ruled Kashmir from 1579 to 1586 AD. Yusuf Shah Chak the last independent Muslim ruler of the Valley. The Chaks suffered sectarian divisions with the main Sunni segment of the tribe led by Regi Chak and Shams Chak, and Nurbakhshiya Sufis, that some have described as an offshoot of Shiism. The Chaks were recent converts to Islam during this period and maintained names such as Shankar, Pandu, Lankar, etc. While smaller in number, ther Nurbakshiya Sufi Chaks included the leaning of Ghazi Shah Chak, Ali Shah Chak, and the Yousuf Shah Chak. They were formidable and ferocious fighters of huge structure and soundly defeated the great Mughal Emperor Akbar twice and that too with a much smaller army. Some disgruntled Kashmiri nobles were often pushing Akbar to annex Kashmir.

Yousuf Shah Chak sought refuge in Sialkot, before he was brought to Delhi for talks with Akbar. Akbar's forces betrayed Yousuf, and imprisoned him for the rest of his life.

Rinchan : Sadruddin Shah, also known as Rinchan was the first Muslim ruler of Kashmir. He ruled Kashmir from 1320 to 1323 and was instrumental in establishing Islam in Kashmir. He was directly Influenced by Bulbul Shah. Rinchan, whose full name was Lhachan Gualbu Rinchana, was a Buddhist Prince from Ladakh, and the son of the Ladakh chief, Lhachan Ngos-gruba, who ruled Ladakh from 1290 to 1320. He revolted against his uncle, the ruler of Ladakh, but was defeated and fled to Kashmir. Raja Suhadeva appointed Rinchan as a minister. A Muslim from Swat named Shah Mir was appointed as a minister in Kashmir by Suhadeva and he became good friend of Rinchan. Mongols under their leader Dulchoo, invaded Kashmir with 70,000 soldiers and defeated Suhadeva, who fled to Tibet. After the departure of Mongols, his prime minister, Ramachandra, took advantage of the anarchy and occupied the throne. He appointed Rinchan as an administrator. Rinchan became ambitious. He sent a force in the fort in the guise of merchants, who took Ramachandra's men by surprise. Ramachandra was killed and his family were taken prisoners. Hazraat Rinchan Shah became the ruler of Kashmir.

In view of his Ladakhi origin, Rinchan found it crucial to gain support to legitimize his rule. To this end, he won over Ravanachandra, the son of Ramachandra, to his side. He made him his chief adviser and gave him the title of Raina and Ladakh and Lar as his jagir. He also married Kota Rani, Ramachandra's daughter and agreed to convert to Hinduism. He approached the head guru of the Brahmin Pandits Devaswami for this purpose. However his request was spurned by the Shaivite guru who refused to accept him.

Rinchan converted to Islam and adopted the title of Sultan Sadruddin Shah. 10,000 of his subjects, including his brother-in-law Ravanachandra, converted along with him. After conversion, he renamed Srinagar as Rinchanpora and built a mosque known as "Bud Masheed", on the site of a Buddhist temple. This was the first mosque to be built in Kashmir. He also built another mosque at Ali Kadal. He built a khanqah in honor of his spiritual mentor Bulbul Shah. Attached to the khanqah was a langarkhana (public charity kitchen) known as Bulbul Lankar, where the poor were fed free-of-cost twice a day.

Shah Mir : Shams-ud-Din Shah Mir (r. 1339–1342) was a ruler of Kashmir region in India; and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty, which is named after him. Shah Mir is believed to have come to Kashmir during the rule of Suhadeva (r. 1301–1320), where he rose to prominence. After the death of Suhadeva and his brother Udayanadeva, Shah Mir established his own kingship, founding the Shah Mir dynasty in 1339, which lasted till 1561.

Yakub Shah Chak : Yakub Shah Chak was the last native ruler of Kashmir. He was son of Yusuf Shah Chak. Yaqub Shah ascended the throne in 1586. He was a great ruler and well wisher of his kingdom ,yokub shah gave special status to minorities during his reign. Yakub carried on warfare against the Mughal Empire but surrendered to Akbar on 8 August 1589.Yaqub Shah died in 1593. He was believed to have been poisoned.

Zain-ul-Abidin : Ghiyas-ud-Din Zain-ul-Abidin (reigned: 1418–1419 and 1420–1470 was the eighth sultan of Kashmir. He was known by his subjects as Bud Shah (the Great King). The first thirty-five years of his reign are described by Jonaraja in the Rajatarangini Dvitiya, while the subsequent years are described by Jonaraja's pupil, Srivara, in the Rajatarangini Tritiya.