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Adivasi/Indigenous peoples of Jharkhand (and in central India) traditionally have broadly three level of decision making process within the customary laws through a self governing system, village level, cluster of village level and community level.
The main component of their decision making was getting mutual consent from the whole community and non-hierarchical ideology which was sign of decentralized decision making process.
Its based on Law of Equality-Kharias strongly advocate the law of equality within tribes and between tribes. According to them all tribes and members of the tribes have equal right to thrive on this earth. Nature has provided equal environment resources to every body. They consider no tribe superior to other.
Moral and Ethical Laws - The Kharia religion and Kharia life are interdependent and have recognized certain moral rules. They believe in certain acts as sins. All rules and moral behaviors are established by God. God has overall control on individual, society, the country / world. God has framed the rules and laws to keep the tribe(s) pure, and to protect it. God is the only giver of punishment. Kharias believe that there are two fundamental sins-Pride and Greed. From Pride and Greed originate jealousy, envy, quarrels, fights, murder, and all the other evils.
Gram Panchayat – Every village has a Gram Sabha. Every villager of 18 years is deemed to be a member of the Gram Sabha, which is a general body. It selects the ?Gram Pradhan‘ who is elected for every five years. The Gram Sabha is required to convene two meetings inone year.
The functions of the Gram Sabha are-
The Mundas consider village as a political unit. It had a head and an organization to deal with other villages. The head of the Munda village was called the Pahan(the priest). He obtained this title by virtue of being the original founder of a new community or the oldest representative of the original founder. His duty was to offer sacrifice at festivals mainly for three reasons:
The chief functions of the Pahan were:
The Pahan began to exercise the above functions with the introuduction of the Raja into the Munda political system. Later on he was assisted by a Munda in the execution of his duties. These two offices were solely for service without any remuneration or special grant of land attached toit. The two officials were highly respected.
Confederation of villages The Confederation of villages was made up of ten or twelve villages. It was called a Patti. The chief of the patti was called the Manki. He was the political organizer of the Mundas. His duties were:
By: Shashank Shekhar ProfileResourcesReport error
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