Consider the following statement about the Groundwater in Punjab 1 The groundwater in the state flow...........

Punjab Geography and Environment

Consider the following statement about the Groundwater in Punjab.

1.The groundwater in the state flows from north-east to south-west direction at a gradient of Five ft per km.

2.Nonjudicious pumping of ground water through tubwells and continuous decline of water table in central districts has resulted in the reverse flow of water instead of going downwards towards south western districts.

3. The sweet water has turned brackish due to reverse flow of saline groundwater from south western zone.

Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1 Only

2 and 3 Only

1 and 3 Only

All of the above

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Explanation:

The groundwater in the state flows from north-east to south-west direction at a gradient of one ft per km. Nonjudicious pumping of ground water through tubwells and continuous decline of water table in central districts has resulted in the reverse flow of water towards Moga and Sangrur districts instead of going downwards towards south western districts. There are indications that sweet water has turned brackish due to reverse flow of saline groundwater from south western zone. Studies by PAU indicated that the proportion of this unfit water in Nihal Singh Wala block has reached to 30 per cent in 2004 as compared to 11 per cent in 1997.