Orang National Park

Assam Geography and Environment

11-Jan-22

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Orang National Park

In News:

=> Recently, the government has issued a notification to make Orang National Park more than thrice its existing size.

The gharial, wiped out from the Brahmaputra River system in the 1950s, could be the prime beneficiary of a process to expand an Assam tiger reserve.

About Orang National park:

=> It is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam, India.

=> It was established as a sanctuary in 1985 and declared a National Park on 13 April 1999.

=> It is also known as the mini Kaziranga National Park (IUCN site) since the two parks have a similar landscape made up of marshes, streams and grasslands and are inhabited by the Great Indian One-Horned Rhinoceros.

Gharial

=> It is also known as the gavial or the fish-eating crocodile.

=> It is longest among all living crocodilians

=> Conservation:

Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)
Schedule I: Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Appendix I: CITES

=> Threats: Loss of habitat because of sand mining and conversion to agriculture, depletion of fish resources and detrimental fishing.

=> Odisha is the only State in India having all three species of crocodiles (gharial, mugger and saltwater crocodiles).

=> Gharial reserves of India: Uttar Pradesh (Ghaghara river), Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Today, their major population occurs in three tributaries of the Ganga River: the Chambal and the Girwa Rivers in India and the Rapti-Narayani River in Nepal.

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