Explanation:

Let's break down what the 42nd Amendment actually did and see which of your options fits:

- Option 1: Fundamental Rights

- These were originally there from 1950. The 42nd Amendment made some changes, but didn’t *insert* them.

- Option 2: Appointment of Supreme Court Judges

- The appointment process was set out in the beginning. The 42nd Amendment didn’t add or change this fundamentally.

- Option 3: Directive Principles

- Directive Principles were already in the Constitution. The 42nd Amendment did tweak and strengthen certain Directive Principles, but it didn’t insert them for the first time.

- Option 4: Fundamental Duties

- Here’s the thing: The 42nd Amendment in 1976 added a whole new section—Fundamental Duties—as Article 51A. These were not there before.

So, the correct answer for what was *inserted* by the 42nd Amendment is Option 4: Fundamental Duties.

Let me know if you want details on what each section means or the significance of the 42nd Amendment—happy to dig deeper.