Explanation:

Let me break down the options for you:

- Option 1: Lithology

- This is the study of rocks—their origin, structure, and composition. It's not about earthquakes, but rather about the materials that make up Earth's crust.

- Option 2: Semiology

- Semiology deals with signs and symbols, especially in language. Think linguistics, not earth science.

- Option 3: Histology

- This one's biology territory—it’s the study of tissues in living organisms.

- Option 4: Seismology

- Here’s the answer you want: seismology is all about earthquakes. It covers how they happen, their impact, and how to measure them.

So, option 4—seismology—is absolutely the right pick.