Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
Comprehension:
Key factors influencing subway air pollution will include station depth, date of construction, type of ventilation (natural/air conditioning),
types of brakes (electromagnetic or conventional brake pads) and wheels (rubber or steel) used on the trains, train frequency and more
recently the presence or absence of platform screen-door systems.
In particular, much subway particulate matter is sourced from moving train parts such as wheels and brake pads, as well as from the
steel rails and power-supply materials, making the particles dominantly iron-containing.
To date, there is no clear epidemiological indication of abnormal health effects on underground workers and commuters. New York
subway workers have been exposed to such air without significant observed impacts on their health, and no increased risk of lung
cancer was found among subway train drivers in the Stockholm subway system.
But a note of caution is struck by the observations of scholars who found that employees working on the platforms of Stockholm
underground, where PM concentrations were greatest, tended to have higher levels of risk markers for cardiovascular disease than ticket
sellers and train drivers.
The dominantly ferrous particles are mixed with particles from a range of other sources, including rock ballast from the track, biological
aerosols such as bacteria and viruses, and air from the outdoors, and driven through the tunnel system on turbulent air currents
generated by the trains themselves and ventilation systems.