Explanation:

- Non-monetary transactions: GDP does not account for non-monetary transactions like unpaid work or barter exchanges, which can contribute to welfare but are not captured in monetary terms.

- Internationalities: GDP focuses on domestic production and may not reflect true welfare if international factors like trade imbalances, foreign debt, and global environmental impacts are ignored.

- Composition and distribution of GDP: GDP measures total economic output but does not consider how wealth is distributed or whether the goods and services produced actually enhance societal welfare.

All of these: Each of these factors illustrates the limitations of GDP as a welfare index.