Explanation:

- Option 1: Included in national income

- National income calculates the economic output of a country.

- Remittances are not earned from domestic production; hence, they're excluded.

- Option 2: Not included in national income

- Remittances are received from abroad and are not a product of domestic economic activities.

- Therefore, they are not included in national income calculations.

- Option 3: Transfer payments

- Transfer payments are income for which no goods or services are exchanged.

- Remittances fall under this category as money is sent without direct economic exchange.

- Option 4: Both (b) and (c)

- Remittances fit the criteria for not being included in national income.

- They are also considered transfer payments.

- Correct Answer