Explanation:

Ohio State Leadership Studies is Behavioral Leadership Theory. A series of studies on leadership was done by Ohio State University in 1945 to identify observable behaviors of leaders instead of focusing on their traits. They found two critical characteristics of leadership either of which could be high or low or independent of one another. The research was based on questionnaires to leaders and subordinates of the organizations. These studies narrowed the description of leader behavior into two dimensions:

1. Initiating Structure Behavior: The behavior of leaders who define the leader-subordinate role so that everyone knows what is expected, establish formal lines of communication, and determine how tasks will be performed.
2. Consideration Behavior: The behavior of leaders who are concerned for subordinates and attempt to establish a warm, friendly, and supportive climate.

The Ohio State Leadership Studies also showed that initiating structure and consideration are two distinct dimensions and not mutually exclusive.