Explanation:

- Job redesign: This involves restructuring job roles to improve productivity or satisfaction. It is a scientific and systematic effort to modify job characteristics.

- Time-out: Typically refers to taking a break to pause and reflect, often used in disciplinary settings or sports, rather than modifying job characteristics.

- Mentoring: Involves guidance by someone experienced, mainly for personal and professional growth, not directly altering job characteristics.

- Employee empowerment: Focuses on giving employees more autonomy and responsibility, influencing the work environment positively but not directly redesigning a job.