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Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks, and family/community labour.
This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.
It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family.
When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows Nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes.
Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer does not use fertilisers or other modern inputs.
Characterised by high output per unit of land and relatively low output per worker.
This type of farming is practised in areas of high population.
It is labour intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another.
For example, rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.
Plantation is also a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.
The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
All the produce is used as raw material in respective industries. In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc. are important plantation crops.
Tea in Assam and North Bengal and coffee in Karnataka are some of the important plantation crops grown in these states.
Climate and soil:
It needs cool climate during the early stage of its growth.
Warm temperature at this stage is unfavorable to tillering and also promotes several diseases.
It can be grown on all kinds of soil, except the highly deteriorated alkaline (kalar) and water-logged(seam) soils.
But medium loamy (domat in hindi and maira in Punjabi )soils, in which water does not stagnate, are best suited for its cultivation.
Crop rotations:
Improved varieties:
Field preparation:
Climate and soil: Barley requires cool weather during early growth and warm and dry weather at maturity. Being drought resistant, barley suits to areas with scanty rainfall.
Crop rotations: Paddy-barley, Cotton-barley and Bajra-barley.
Improved varieties: PL 807, VIM 201, PL 426
Sowing: A seed rate of 35 kg per acre under irrigated and 45 kg per acre under rainfed and late-sown conditions is required.
Its optimum sowing time is October 15 - November 15.
Barley can also be grown without any preparatory tillage with zero till drill.
By: Brijesh Kumar ProfileResourcesReport error
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