Which of the following is true about acknowledgement of debt under section 18 ........

Limitation Act (LA) 1963 Computation of Period of Limitation

Which of the following is true about acknowledgement of debt under section 18?

It is not necessary that an acknowledgment within Section 18 must contain a promise pay or should amount to a promise to pay. [Subbarsadya v.Narashimha, AIR 1936 Mad.939]

The acknowledgement must be unqualified so as to create fresh cause of action. The acknowledgement must be of existing liability.

It must be an acknowledgement of debt as such and must involve an admission of a subsisting relationship of debtor and creditor

All of the above

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Explanation:

Section 18 –
18. Effect of acknowledgement in writing. (1) Where, before the expiration of the prescribed period for a suit or application in respect of any property or right, an acknowledgement of liability in respect of such property or right has been made in writing signed by the party against whom such property or right is claimed, or by any person through whom he derives his title or liability, a fresh period of limitation shall be computed from the time when the acknowledgement was so signed. (2) Where the writing containing the acknowledgement is undated, oral evidence may be given of the time when it was signed; but subject to the provisions of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, oral evidence of its contents shall not be received. ExplanationFor the purposes of this section- (a) an acknowledgement may be sufficient though it omits to specify the exact nature of the property or right, or avers that the time for payment, delivery, performance or enjoyment has not yet come or is accompanied by a refusal to pay, deliver, perform or permit to enjoy, or is coupled with a claim to set-off, or is addressed to a person other than a person entitled to the property or right; (b) the word "signed" means signed either personally or by an agent duly authorised in this behalf; and (c) an application for the execution of a decree or order shall not be deemed to be an application in respect of any property or right.