Explanation:

- The Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 governs the adoption of children by Hindus.

- Option 1: Giving and Taking

- This is the mandatory legal procedure for adoption under the Act.

- It involves the actual transfer of the child from the biological parents or guardians to the adoptive parents.

- The ceremony of giving and taking is essential and must be performed physically.

- Option 2: Duttak Homam (Hawan)

- Duttak Homam is a religious ceremony and not a mandatory legal requirement.

- It is more of a cultural or customary ritual and does not affect the legal validity of the adoption.

- Option 3: Both (a) and (b)

- This option is incorrect because only the act of giving and taking is legally necessary.

- Duttak Homam, as mentioned, is not a requirement under the Act.

- Option 4: None of the above

- This option is incorrect as giving and taking are required by law.

- Correct Answer: Option 1: Giving and Taking