Explanation:

The. examination shall be directed to the explanation of matt referred to in cross- examination; and, if m matter is, by permission of Court, introduced in- examination, the adve, • party may further cross- examine upon that matter. In civil cases, the advocate counsel narrates the facts • the case and this is known the opening of the pleading. criminal ,cases, one of the  officers of the court reads out  the summary of charge  because his as levelled against the accused as well as his plea. [Section 137 Indian Evidence Act)