Explanation:

- "The Argumentative Indian" was written by Amartya Sen.

- Amartya Sen is a renowned economist and philosopher, known for his work on welfare economics, social choice theory, and his contributions to understanding development and freedom.

- Jhumpa Lahiri is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author known for books like "Interpreter of Maladies" and "The Namesake," but she did not write "The Argumentative Indian."

- Shashi Tharoor is a well-known author and politician, recognized for works such as "An Era of Darkness," but not for "The Argumentative Indian."

- Vikram Seth is famous for novels like "A Suitable Boy," but "The Argumentative Indian" is not penned by him.