Explanation:

Under article 15(1) preferential treatment can validly be given to the backward class

On research, we find that Article 15 Clause (3), (4) and (5) itself stands as an exception to Article 15 Clause (1) and (2). Article 15 Clause (3), (4)and (5) states that the legislature is free to formulate special provisions:

• For women and children,
• For the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes,
• Make provision relating to their admission to educational institutions including private educational institutions, whether aided or unaided by the State, other than the minority educational institutions.

As we find out that in India the preferential policy is of two types

• The first to impart special benefits to the socially and educationally backward classes, scheduled classes and scheduled tribes.
• The second to provide special benefits to the local ethical groups of the state against the migrant from the other states.

Hence option 1st is correct.