In which of the following cases criminal misappropriation of property takes place ........

Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860 Offences Against Property

In which of the following cases, criminal misappropriation of property takes place ?

P finds a rupee coin lying on the footpath, not knowing as to whom it belongs, picks it up and keeps it in his pocket.

P finds a purse lying in the highway; he picks it up and keeps it trying to trace its owner even though he finds address in the pockets of the purse.

P finds a promissory note belonging to Z bearing a blank endorsement. He pledges it with a bank to secure a loan with clear intention that he would return it to Z after one year.

Both (b) and (c)

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Explanation:

- Option 1: P finds a rupee coin and keeps it without knowing whom it belongs to. This doesn't constitute criminal misappropriation as it's a trivial and low-value find with no indication of ownership.

- Option 2: P finds a purse and keeps it despite finding an address, intending to trace the owner. Here, instead of acting upon the information to return the property, he retains it, which constitutes misappropriation.

- Option 3: P uses Z's promissory note for personal gain by pledging it, intending to return it later. This is misappropriation as he's using someone else's property without permission for his benefit.

- Option 4: Both scenarios in (b) and (c) involve elements of misappropriation.