Explanation:

Rainbow is produced when sunlight and rain combine in a very specific way. The sunlight separates into the colors of the rainbow as it enters a raindrop (at a certain angle). The angle for each color of a rainbow is different.

The dispersion of light is the phenomenon of splitting of a beam of white light into its seven constituent colours when passed through a transparent medium. Isaac Newton in 1666, discovered that light is made up of seven different colours. The glass prism split the light into a band of seven colours (known as spectrum). The order of colours from the lower end of spectrum is violet (V), indigo (I), blue (B), green (G), yellow (Y), orange (O), and red (R).

The formation of rainbow is based on the process of dispersion of light. Usually a rainbow of seven colours is seen in the sky just after the rain when the Sun is shining. After the rain, a large number of water droplets remain suspended in the atmosphere. These droplets of water function as small prisms.