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Consider the following statements about a State of India
1. The state has Tropical Evergreen, Thorn forests as well as deciduous vegetation within its territorial limits.
2. The state is a major producer of cotton and sugarcane in the country.
3. Recently a farm loan waiver was announced for the farmers of the state amidst the distress they were facing.
Based on the given information, identify the state
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Telangana
Madhya Pradesh
First statement is incorrect because Tropical Evergreen forests are not found in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Evergreen forests are found on the eastern and western slopes of the Western Ghats in states such as Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. They are also found in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Second statement is correct regarding Maharashtra because black soil is good for the production of cotton and black soil is mainly found in Maharashtra. Cotton- There are mainly three cotton-producing zones in India viz. a) Northern zone comprising Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. b) Central zone comprising Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. c) Southern zone comprising Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. About 70% of total cotton is produced in Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Conditions of Growth- • Cotton is the crop of tropical and sub-tropical areas and requires uniformly high temperature varying between 21°C and 30°C. • The growth of cotton is retarded when the temperature falls below 20°C. • Frost is not good for it. • The modest requirement of water can be met by an average annual rainfall of 50- 100 cm. However, it is successfully grown in areas of lesser rainfall with the help of irrigation. • Cotton is a kharif crop which requires 6 to 8 months to mature. Its time of sowing and harvesting differs in different parts of the country depending upon the climatic conditions. In Punjab and Haryana it is sown in April-May and is harvested in December-January that is before the winter frost can damage the crop. • In the peninsular part of India, it is sown upto October and harvested between January and May because there is no danger of winter frost in these areas. In Tamil Nadu, it is grown both as a kharif and as a rabi crop.
Sugarcane- India is the second largest producer of sugarcane only after Brazil.
The alluvial soil of the Ganga Plain and the black soil of southern India are best for the cultivation of sugarcane. Conditions of Growth- • It is a long duration crop and requires 10 to 15 and even 18 months to mature, depending upon the geographical conditions. • It requires hot and humid climate with average temperature of 21°-27°C and 75-150 cm rainfall. • Too heavy rainfall results in low sugar content and deficiency in rainfall produces fibrous crop. • Irrigation is required in areas receiving lesser rainfall than the prescribed limit. • Short cool dry winter season during ripening and harvesting is ideal. • Frost is detrimental to sugarcane. Therefore, it must be harvested before frost season, if it is grown in northern parts of the country where winters are very cold and frost is a common phenomenon. • It can grow on a variety of soils including loams, clayey loams, black cotton soils, brown or reddish loams and even laterites. • The soil should be rich in nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus but it should not be either too acidic or too alkaline.
Third statement is correct for both Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh i.e. both states Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh have announced debt waiver for farmers in view of distress because of fall in prices of agri-produce on bumper output.
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