Explanation:

Correct Option: (d) Explanation:  Statement 2 is incorrect: The movement of the lithospheric plates is caused by the movement of the magma in the mantle .  Statement 3 is incorrect: Arthur Holmes in 1930s discussed the possibility of convection currents operating in the mantle portion. Supplementary notes: Convectional Current Theory  Arthur Holmes in 1930s discussed the possibility of convection currents operating in the mantle portion.  These currents are generated due to radioactive elements causing thermal differences in the mantle portion. Holmes argued that there exists a system of such currents in the entire mantle portion.  This was an attempt to provide an explanation to the issue of force, on the basis of which contemporary scientists discarded the continental drift theory.  When oceanic plates diverge, tensional stress causes fractures to occur in the lithosphere.  Basaltic magma rises from the fractures and cools on the ocean fl oor to form new sea fl oor.  The newly formed sea fl oor (oceanic crust) then gradually moves away from the ridge, and its place is taken by an even newer sea fl oor and the cycle repeats.  With time, older rocks are spread farther away from the spreading zone while younger rocks will be found nearer to the spreading zone.