Bhoodan Movement

• Also known as ‘Land Gift Movement’
• It was a voluntary land reform movement in India started by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 at Pochampally village.
• Wealthy landowners were asked to voluntarily give a percentage of their land to the lower castes.
• Over 5 million acres (20,000 km2) were donated.
• However, it failed to meet more ambitious goal of 50 million acres that had been set for it.
• Initial objective was to secure voluntary donations of land & distribute it to landless, but the movement soon came out with a demand of 116 share of land from all land owners.

Twenty Point Programme

• Launched- Initially by PM Indra Gandhi in 1975.
• Administered by: Ministry of Statistics & Programme implementation, Government of India
• Restructured in 1982, 1986 & finally in 2006.
• Programmes and schemes under TPP 2006 are in harmony with priorities contained in National common minimum programme, Millennium Development goals of UN & SAARC social charter.
• It includes Poverty eradication, Power to people,  Social security, Food security, Clean drinking water etc

EAS – Employment Assurance Scheme

• Launched – 2October 1993
• Ministry:Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India
• Implemented in 1778 identified backward blocks.
• Blocks were selected covering drought prone areas, desert, tribal & hilly areas.
• Later the scheme was extended to remaining blocks of the country in phased manner.
• Programme was restructured from 1 April 1999.
• Primary Objective: - Provide gainful employment during lean agricultural season in manual work to all able bodied adults in rural areas who are in need & desirous of work, but cannot find it.
• Secondary Objective: - Creation of community, social & economic assets for sustained employment & development.

REGP – Rural Employment Generation Programme

• Launched – 1 April 1995 by Khadi & Village industries Commission for generation of 2 million jobs under KVI sector in rural areas.
• Administered by:Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will be the single National level nodalimplementation agency
• Objective – To generate employment in rural areas.
• To develop entrepreneurial skills among rural unemployed youth
• To achieve the goal of rural industrialization
• To facilitate participation of financial institutions for higher credit flowto rural industries.
• Beneficiaries – Applicable to all village industries project set up in rural areas.
• Eligible agencies under scheme – Individuals.
• - Institutions, cooperative societies, trusts &SHG for projects upto 25 lakh.
• Banks will sanction 90% project cost in case of general category borrower & 95% of project cost in case of weaker sections.
• Implementation :- KVIC is implementing REGP through

 (i) All public sector banks.

 (ii) All regional rural banks.

 (iii) Co-operative banks approved by the state.

Prime Minister’s employment generation programme

• Launched – 15 August 2008
• Administered by:Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) will be the single National level nodalimplementation agency for PMEGP. 
  At the State level, the Scheme will be implemented through State KVIC Directorates, State Khadiand Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and DistrictIndustriesCenters (DICs) and banks.
• Introduced by merging 2 schemes
•  (i) Rural employment generation programme (REGP)
• (ii) Prime Minister Rojgar Yojana (PMRY)
• It is a credit linked subsidy programme of Government of India.

Objectives:

• To generate employment opportunities in rural as well as urban areas of the country through setting up of new self employment ventures/projects/micro enterprises.
• To bring together widely dispersed traditional artisans/ rural and urban unemployed youth and give them self employment -opportunities to the extent possible, at their place.
• To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans and rural and urban unemployed youth in the country, so as to help arrest migration of rural youth to urban areas.
• To increase the wage earning capacity of artisans and contribute to increase in the growth rate of rural and urban employment.

STEP – Support to Training & Employment Programme

• Launched – 1986
• Ministry: Department of Women & Child development, Ministry of Human Resource Development.
• Objective – Extending training for upgradation of skills & sustainable employment for women through variety of action oriented projects.
• Target group – Marginalized, asset less rural women & urban poor with special focus on SC/ST households, women headed households & BPL families.
• Schemes covers 8 traditional sectors of employment vizAgriculture, Small animal husbandry, Dairying,  Fisheries, Handlooms, Handicrafts, Khadi & village industries, Sericulture. Two more sectors Social forestry & waste development have been added later.

SITRA – Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans

• Objective – Improved toolkits are identified for various traders of rural artisans & distributed at 90% subsidy in order to improve the productivity & hence overall quality of life of rural artisans.
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Toolkits are supplied to artisans in following trades :1. Carpentry, 2. Mason,3. Mat Weaving, 4. Blacksmith, 5. Goldsmith
• Eligibility : Any rural artisans from BPL family
• Time frame – Applications will be collected by Blocks.
• Based on requirement of toolkits, tenders will be floated.
• After supply of toolkits is finalized, tools will be supplied to blocks within one month.
• Beneficiaries will be handed over toolkits within next 15 days.

TRYSEM – Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment

• Supporting component of IRDP
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Objective – Provide basic technical & entrepreneual skills to rural youth from BPL family to enable them to take up self employment & wage employment in broad fields of agriculture & allied sectors namely industries, services & business activities.
• Target group – Rural Youth between age of 18-35 years.

Million Wells Scheme

• Launched – 1988-89 (Seventh Five year plan period)
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Objective – To provide open irrigation wells free of cost
• Tube wells & bore wells are not to be taken up under this provision
• Where wells are not feasible due to geological factors, funds may beutilized for minor irrigation like irrigation tanks, water harvestingstructure.
• Target group – Small & marginal farmers who are below poverty line
• Beneficiaries themselves have to undertake the construction of their wells through their own labour & local labour for which they will be paid.
• In no case, work will be entrusted to a contractor.
• If wells meet with failure after digging, a certificate to this effect will be produced by DRDA, compensation shall be provided to the extent of 100% of expenditure incurred by farmer.

Jawahar Rojgar Yojna (JRY)

• Launched – 1989-90 (Seventh Five Year Plan period)
• By amalgating National Rural Employment programme (NREP) & Rural landless Employee Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Funding – 80:20 cost sharing basis between centre & states.
• Main objective – Additional gainful employment for under-employed & unemployed persons in rural area.
• Target group – People below poverty line.
• - Gram Panchayat is to be involved in planning & implementation of program
• - 30% of employment opportunities to be reserved for women.

Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)

• - Restructured, streamlined & comprehensive version of JRY
• Launched – 1 April 1999
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Designed to improve quality of life of rural poor by providing themadditional gainful employment.
• Primary objective – Creation of demand driven village infrastructure including durable assets to enable the rural poor to increase opportunities of sustained employment.
• Secondary objective – Generation of supplementary employment for unemployed poor in rural areas.

National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)

Launched – 2004-05 (Tenth Five Year plan period)

Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.

Funding – 100% Centrally sponsored

• Objective – To intensify the generation of supplementary wage employment in 150 most backward districts of the country identified by Planning         Commission.
• Features – Meant for providing wage employment in natural calamity affected states, preference shall be given to labour intensive work which would        help in drought proofing such as moisture conservation, watersheddevelopment works, water harvesting, construction of roads, de-silting of ponds.
• Distribution of foodgrains at worksite or through PDS.
• Payment of wages, cash as well as foodgrains must be made weekly.
• This scheme has been subsumed in NREGS.

Swarnjyanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)

• Launched – 1 April 1999
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Restructuring & merging self-employment programmes like IRDP, TRYSEM, SITRA, DWCRA& Ganga Kalyan Yojana.
• Funding – 75:25 between Centre & States
• Features – Only self-employed programme implemented for rural poor.
• Providing income generating assets through bank credit &Government subsidy.
• The SGSY concentrates on the marginalized sections of society. Accordingly, SC/STs comprise 50 percent, women 40% and the physically challenged make up 3% of the total beneficiaries from the scheme.
• Upto March 2009, 34 lakh self-help groups (SHG) have been formed.

Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)

• Launched – December 2000
• Department/Ministry: Department of food & public distribution.
• Beneficiaries – BPL families covered under targeted Public distribution system.
• Features – 25 kg food grains made available to eligible family at highly subsidized rate of Rs. 21 kg for wheat & Rs. 31 kg for rice.
• Quantity enhanced from 25 to 35 kg from April 2002.
• June 2003, expanded to all BPL families.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana:

• Under the scheme, the government plans to invest 756 billion Rupees (11 billion US Dollars) for rural electrification. The scheme will replace the existing Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY).
• Keeping in view the above problems, the Ministry of Power, Government of India launched Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana for rural areas having the following objectives:
• . To provide electrification to all villages.
• Feeder separation to ensure sufficient power to farmers and regular supply to other consumers.
• Improvement of sub-transmission and distribution network to improve the quality and reliability of the supply.
• Metering to reduce the losses.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana

• It is a Government of India scheme for the helping the poor by providing skill training. Government of India has provisioned 500 crore for the scheme.
• It replace Aajevika.
• The targets is training 0.5 million people in urban area per annum from 2016 and in rural area it is training 1 million people by 2017. Further, in urban areas services like SHG promotion, training centres, vendors markets, permanent shelters for homeless will be provided for.
• The aim of scheme is skill development of both rural and urban India as per requisite international standards.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

• Under the Yojana, the Union Ministry of Rural Development will launch skill development training centres on a large scale to address the problem of unemployment particularly in rural India.

Main Highlights of the Rural Scheme

• The Yojana aims at training 10 lakh (1 million) rural youths for jobs in three years, that is, by 2017.
• The minimum age for entry under the Yojana is 15 years compared to 18 years under the Aajeevika Skills Programme.
• Skill development training centres to be launched so as to address the unemployment problem in the rural area.
• The skills imparted under the Yojana will now be benchmarked against international standards and will complement the Prime Minister’s Make In India campaign.
• The Kaushalya Yojana will also the address the need for imparting training to the differently-able persons and chip in private players including international players to impart the skills to the rural youths.

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)

• Launched – 2000-01
• Ministry/Department:Community and Rural Development Department.
• Objective – To promote sustainable human development at village level.
• Initially had 5 components
• (i) Primary Health
• (ii) Primary Education
• (iii) Rural shelter
• (iv) Rural drinking water
• (v) Nutrition
• - Rural electrification added as an additional component from 2001-02.

Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana

It is a new sub-scheme under DeendayalAntyodaya DAY-NRLM.

Its main objective is to provide an alternative source of livelihood to members of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and facilitate them to operate public transport services in backward rural areas.

Thus it will provide safe, affordable and community monitored rural transport to connect remote villages with key services and amenities.

It will be implemented in 250 blocks in the country on a pilot basis for a period of 3 years from 2017-18 to 2019-20.

Under this scheme, Community Based Organisation (CBO) will provide interest free loan from its own corpus to the Self Help Group members for purchase of vehicles.

DeenDayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

DDU-GKY is tasked with the dual objectives of adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth.

It aims at transforming rural poor youth into an economically independent and globally relevant workforce.

It focused on rural youth between the ages of 15 and 35 years from poor families.

Special initiatives under DDU-GKY -

1. Himayat - A special scheme for the youth (rural & urban) of Jammu & Kashmir.

2. Roshni - A special initiative for the rural youth of poor families in 27 Left-wing Extremist (LWE) districts across 9 states.

Kaushal Panjee

Kaushal Panjee‘ (Skill Register) is a mobilisation platform for skill development.

The skill register aims to be citizen centric end-to-end solution to aid mobilization of candidates for DeenDayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) and Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETI).

It facilitates mobilization through Self Help Group members, Gram Panchayat Functionaries, Block Officials, and CommonService Centres and directly by the candidate.

RSETIs and DDU-GKY Partners can access the Kaushal Panjee to connect with the mobilized rural youth. 

Kaushal Panjee is connected to the Social Economic Caste Census 2011 which will help the States plan and target their mobilizations based on the socio-economic profile of households in their State.

SAMPORNA GRAMEEN ROJGAR YOJANA (SGRY)

• Launched – September 2001
• Ministry/Department:Community and Rural Development Department
• Funding – 75:25 between Centre & State.
• Beneficiaries – Open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment.
• Features – Additional wage employment in rural areas.
• Provide food security along with creation of durable community social & economic infrastructure in rural areas.
• Launched by merging Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) &Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS)
• Implemented through Panchayati Raj institutions.
• Entirely subsumed in NREGS with effect from 1 April 2008.

NREGS – National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

• NREGA was passed in September 2005, implemented from February 2006 in 200 identified districts.
• - Expanded to 330 districts in second phase during 2007-08
• - Remaining 274 districts were notified in September 2008 & now it’s extended to all districts in the country.
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• - SGRY & National Food for work Programme has been subsumed under NREGS.
• - Jean Dreze, a Belgian economist had major influence on this project.
• Objective: - NREGA aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
• Features – Demand driven programmes.
• Employment to be provided on demand, within 15 days
• Any adult member of a registered household can apply for work at any time.
• Minimum wages to be provided to all labourers.
• No contractors & machinery should be used.
• No gender discrimination of any kind.
• Act mandates 33% women participation.
• Block is the basic unit of implementation.
• Gram Panchayats are the main implementing agencies.
• Social Audit – All NREGA related documents to be available for public scrutiny.
• Citizen information board – Introduced to enable local community to know works being undertaken under NREGA.
• Ombudsman – in each district for effective grievance redressel.

Permissible Works

• Water conservation & water harvesting, Drought proofing, Afforestation, Renovation of traditional water bodies, De-silting of tanks, Land development, Flood control, Drainage in water logged areas, Rural connectivity to provide all weather access

Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP)

• Launched – 1980-81
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Funding – Centrally sponsored scheme operational in all blocks of country.
• Target group:small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans living below the poverty line.Within the target group, there is an assured coverage of 50 per cent for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes, 40 per cent for women and 3 per cent for the physically handicapped. 
• Objective – Holistic programme covering all aspects of self-employment, namely organization of beneficiaries & their capacity building, planning of activity clusters, infrastructure technology, credit & marketing.
• Features – Existing sub-schemes of TRYSEM, SITRA, DWCRA& GKY were merged into IRDP.
• Progressive shift from individual beneficiary approach to group & cluster approach.
• Promotion of multiple credits rather than one time credit injection.
• The Scheme is merged with another Scheme named Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) since 01.04.1999.

Central Rural Sanitation Programme

• Launched: 1986
• Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
• Objective: To provide subsidy for construction of sanitary latrine to the beneficiaries of rural areas below poverty line.
• Features: 80% of amount is to be given as subsidy & 20% will be beneficiary contribution.
• Construction work may be done by beneficiaries themselves.
• Target: All persons coming under BPL.
• Time frame: Beneficiaries can approach BDO with application for grant of subsidy under scheme. After inspection, work order will be issued within 1 week.

Credit cum Subsidy scheme for Rural Housing

• - Conceived for rural households having annual income upto Rs. 32,000.
• Launched: April 1999
• Funding:Centre and the State in the ratio of 75:25 respectively.
• Objective – To facilitate construction of houses for all households who have same   repayment capacity.
• Strategy: Rural poor just above the poverty line are entitled to get the benefits of the scheme. A maximum subsidy of Rs. 10,000/- per unit is provided for the construction of a house. Sanitary latrine and smokeless chulha are integral part of the house. Cost effective and environment friendly technologies, materials, designs, etc. are encouraged. Sixty per cent (60%) of the houses are allocated to SC/ST rural poor.

ARWSP – Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme

• Launched – 1972-73
• Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
• Funding – 100% Centrally sponsored
• To assist state & UTs to accelerate pace of coverage of drinking water supply.
• Target: To provide every habitation with safe & adequate drinking water.
• Entire programme was given a mission approach with launch of the technology mission on drinking water & related water management in 1986, renamed as ‘Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission’ in 1991.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

• Launched – 25 December 2000
• Ministry: Ministry of Rural Development
• Funding – 100% Centrally sponsored scheme
• - Funded from accruals of diesel cess in Central Road Fund.
• Features – Provides all weather connectivity to all eligible unconnected habitations in rural areas with population of 500 persons of more (250in case of hilly, desert & tribal areas).
• National Rural Roads Development Agency (NRRDA) provides operation & management.

Indra Awas Yojana (IAY)

• Launched: 1985-86
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Feature – Houses to BPL rural households belonging to SC & ST, free bonded labourers, non SC/ST rural households, widows & physically handicapped persons living in rural areas.
• Funding – Cost sharing 75:25 between centre & states.
• In North-eastern states, cost sharing revised to 90:10.
• In UT, entire funds provided by Centre.

Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin

•  It replaces Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), which was launched as a subscheme of JawaharRozgarYojana in 1985.
• IAY aims at helping rural people below the poverty-line (BPL) in construction of dwelling units and upgradation of existing unserviceable kutcha houses by providing assistance in the form of full grant.
• Beneficiariesare people belonging to SCs/STs, freed bonded labourers and non-SC/ST categories, widows or next-of-kin of defence personnel killed in action, ex-servicemen and retired members of the paramilitary forces, Disabled persons and Minorities.
• It will be implemented in rural areas across the country except Delhi and Chandigarh
• Government to construct 1 crorepucca (permanent) houses for the rural poor in the next three years.
• The project will be implemented in a span of three years and expected to boost job creation in rural areas.
• Beneficiaries of the rural houses would be chosen according to data taken from the Socio-Economic Caste Census of 2011
• An allowance of Rs.1,20,000 in plain areas and Rs.130,000 in hilly areas will be provided.
• The unit size will be enhanced from the existing 20 sq.mt. to up to 25 sq.mt. including a dedicated area for hygienic cooking.
• Funds will be transferred electronically directly to the account of the beneficiary.
• The beneficiary would be facilitated to avail loan of up to Rs.70,000 for construction of the house which is optional.

Bharat Nirman

• Launched – 2005-06
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Components – 6 Components

 (i) Rural Housing – Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), this scheme is merged into Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas yojana.

(ii) Rural Roads – Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)

(iii)       National Rural drinking water programme

(iv) Irrigation – Accelerated irrigation benefit programme (AIBP)

(v) Rural Telephony

(vi) Electrification – Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) was launched previously. But now it is replaced by Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana'.

Anganwadi

• Word means ‘courtyard shelter’ in Hindi.
• Launched – 1975 as part of Integrated Child Development series programme to combat child hunger & malnutrition.
• Target group – Children in 0-6 year’s age group.
• Anganwadi system is mainly managed by Anganwadi workers.
• Anganwadi worker – She is a health worker from community.
• Given 4 months training in Health, nutrition & child care.
• She is incharge of an Anganwadi which covers a population   of 1000.
• Anganwadi are India’s primary tool against scourges of child malnourishment, infant mortality & curbing preventable diseases such as polio.
• Duties of Anganwadi workers – Regular Health check up.
• Immunisation
• Health education
• Non-formal pre-school education
• In budget speech for financial year 2011-12, Finance Ministry increased the salary for Anganwadi workers to Rs. 3000/month & helpers to Rs. 1500/month.

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)

• Launched – 2010-11
• Ministry:Department of Rural Development, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India.
• Restructuring Swarnjyanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY)
• Funding – 75:25 between Centre & States.
•  - 90:10 in case of North-Eastern States.
• Objective – Reduce poverty among rural BPL by promoting diversified & gainful self-employment & wage employment opportunities which would lead        to an appreciable increase in income on sustainable basis.
• In long run, it will ensure broad based inclusive growth.

Guiding principles

• Poor have strong desire to come out of Poverty & have inmate capabilities.
• Social mobilization & building strong institutions of poor is critical for unleashing the capabilities.
• An external dedicated & sensitive support structure is required to induce social mobilization.
• Multi pronged approach to strengthen livelihoods of rural poor by
• Promoting SHGs
• Improving existing occupations
• Providing skill development

Key Features

• Sensitive Support structure at National, State, District & Sub-district level.
• Universal social mobilization
• Promotions of institutions of the poor
• Demand driven strategy
• Training & capacity building
• Universal Financial inclusion
• Skill development & Placement for wage employment
• Improved transparency & monitoring

Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM)

This scheme is launched with an ambition to  transform rural areas to economically, socially and physically sustainable spaces.

About Scheme:

•  The Mission aims at development of rural growth clusters which have latent potential for growth, in all States and UTs, which would trigger overall development in the region.
• These clusters would be developed by provisioning of economic activities, developing skills & local entrepreneurship and providing infrastructure amenities. The Rurban Mission will thus develop a cluster of Smart Villages.
•  These clusters would be well delineated areas with planned layouts prepared following the planning norms (as laid down in the State Town and Country Planning Acts/similar Central or State statutes as may be applicable), which would be duly notified by the State/UTs.
• These plans would be finally integrated with the District Plans/Master Plans as the case may be.
• The State Governments would identify the clusters in accordance with the Framework for Implementation prepared by the Ministry of Rural Development.
• The clusters will be geographically contiguous Gram Panchayats with a population of about 25000 to 50000 in plain and coastal areas and a population of 5000 to 15000 in desert, hilly or tribal areas.
• There would be a separate approach for selection of clusters in Tribal and Non-Tribal Districts.
• As far as practicable, clusters of village would follow administrative convergence units of Gram Panchayats.
• For the selection of clusters, the Ministry of Rural Development is adopting a scientific process of cluster selection which involves an objective analysis at the District, Sub District and Village level, of the demography, economy, tourism and pilgrimage significance and transportation corridor impact.
• The mission aims to create 300 such Rurban growth clusters over the next 3 years, across the country.
• The funding for Rurban Clusters will be through various schemes of the Government converged into the cluster.
• The SPMRM will provide an additional funding support of upto 30 percent of the project cost per cluster as Critical Gap Funding (CGF) as Central Share to enable development of such Rurban clusters.
• To ensure an optimum level of development, 14  components have been suggested as desirable for the cluster, which would include;  Skill development training linked to economic activities, Agro Processing/Agri Services/Storage and Warehousing, Digital Literacy, Sanitation, Provision of piped water supply, Solid and liquid waste management, Village streets and drains, Street lights, Fully equipped mobile health unit, Upgrading school /higher education facilities, Inter-village road connectivity, Citizen Service Centres- for electronic delivery of citizen centric services/e-gram connectivity, Public transport., LPG gas connections.
• The States would prepare Integrated Cluster Action Plans for Rurban Clusters, which would be comprehensive plan documents detailing out the strategy for the cluster, desired outcomes  for the cluster under the mission, along with the resources to be converged under various Central Sector, Centrally Sponsored and State Sector schemes, and the Critical Gap Funding (CGF) required for the cluster.
• The Mission envisages institutional arrangements both at the State and Center to ensure smooth implementation of the Mission.
• The Mission also has an Innovation budget towards facilitating research, development and capacity building.

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana

•  Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), the flagship of Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship has been implemented by National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) through a network of 1012 training partners affiliated to the scheme.
• It has been implemented across all 29 states and 6 union territories of the country, and covered 596 districts and 531 constituencies.
• It addresses the requirement for skill development across 29 sectors in which around 566 job roles have been identified for courses in which the youth can enrol and can get trained.
•  This scheme benefit 24 lakh youth at an approximate total cost of Rs. 1,500 crores

Key features of the PMKVY are:

• Standards- Training will be done against standards (National Occupational Standards - NOS and Qualification Packs - QPs for specific job roles) formulated by industry-driven bodies, namely the Sector Skills Councils (SSCs). Third party assessments for skill training will be done based on national (and often) global standards.
• Direct Fund Transfer- It will have complete transparent funding of skill training without any intermediaries with monetary rewards directly transferred to the trainees bank account. It will ensure financial inclusion with a provision of unique multi-wallet facility linked to debit card and accidental insurance. Aadhaar number will be used for unique identification of each candidate.
• Demand-driven targets: Based on assessment of skill demand and the Skill Gap Studies, target for skill training would be allocated to training providers by job-role and by district/city to the extent possible, by NSDC in consultation with the SSCs, States/UTs and the Central Ministries/Departments under the oversight of the Steering Committee of PMKVY.
• Target aligned to national flagship programmes and regions: Target for skill training would be aligned to the demand from the Central Governments flagship programmes, such as - Swachh Bharat, Make in India, Digital India, National Solar Mission and so on.
• Supply side perspective in target fixation: Skill training under PMKVY would essentially target drop out students after class 10 and class 12 and hence these numbers will be taken into consideration while deciding state / district wise targets. There will be special focus on youth in regions affected by left-wing extremists and from North Eastern States and J&K.
• Recognition of prior learning (RPL): Under PMKVY, trainees with prior experience or skills and competencies will be assessed and they will also be given monetary rewards for undergoing assessments. This will be an important step towards recognising the skills possessed by workers working in the informal sector and their inclusion. This will also facilitate the process of skill upgradation and re-skilling of the existing workforce. The focus of RPL would be on those job-roles/sectors in which it is most desired and it will be accompanied with a strong advocacy campaign to promote a paradigm shift in the labour market to make skill training to standards aspirational.
• Variable amount of monetary reward: Monetary reward for various job roles within a sector would also vary. This amount would be arrived at after taking various factors like cost of training, willingness of trainees for pay and other relevant factors into consideration. Higher incentives will be given to training in manufacturing, construction and plumbing sectors.
•  Robust regime for registration of training providers: NSDC training partners undergo due diligence before being registered with NSDC. Government affiliated training centres and other training partners will be approved by the SSCs on the basis of guidelines issued by NSDC. Under PMKVY, even the government affiliated training providers will undergo due diligence as per the process manual. Each training partner would be responsible for its entire franchisee network and the infrastructure of training centers. The same will be part of the monitoring process. Only first level of franchising would be allowed but the same should be declared in advance and validated on the basis of random sampling as per guidelines in the process manual.
•  Focussed awareness building and mobilisation activities: Awareness building & mobilization activities would be carried out with the involvement of local State and district governments as well as involve Members of Parliament in the activities to ensure greater outreach and ownership.
•  Improved curricula, better pedagogy and trained instructors: While, the thrust would be on outcomes in terms of third party assessment/certification, but support for improved curricula, better technology enabled pedagogy and upgrading the capacity of instructors would enable improving the overall ecosystem for high quality skill training in the country. All skill training would include soft skill training, personal grooming, behavioural change for cleanliness, and good work ethics as a part of the training curricula.
• Enhanced monitoring: To monitor the training process, SSCs will be tasked with verifying and recording details of all training centres on the Skill Development Management System (SDMS), and ascertain quality of training locations and courses through certified assessors during the time of assessments. Possibility of putting in place a system of bio-metric attendance and sample video recording would be explored.
• Mentorship support: A mentorship programme will be created in order to support trainees who have successfully completed the training programme and are in the process of looking for employment opportunities. Training providers will be responsible for identifying mentors who will support and guide trainees in the post-training phase. These mentors will provide career guidance and counselling for trainees once they have completed training and will also help connect them to employment opportunities. This mentorship programme will also facilitate the tracking of trainees in the post training phase.
• Evaluation: Trainee feedback based on validated standard format obtained at the time of assessment will become the key element of the evaluation framework to assess the effectiveness and scale up of PMKVY in future.
•  Grievance redressal: A proper grievance redressal mechanism would be put in place. Online Citizens Portal would be set up to disseminate information about PMKVY. This would also serve as a platform for redressal of grievances. The portal would also include a complete database of all available courses and training centres under PMKVY.