Context: Every year on June 2 is observed as Telangana Formation Day as this is the day when the Telangana state was officially formed. The Government of India declared this historic day for the Telangana, the youngest state in India in 2014.
Historical Background

• Telangana was ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Cholas, Mauryans, Satavahanas, Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Delhi Sultanate, Bahmani Sultanate, Golconda Sultanate.
• The region is known for its Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb.
• During the 18th century and the British Raj, Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad.
• In 1823, the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars (Coastal Andhra) and Ceded Districts (Rayalseema), which were handed over to the East India Company.
• The Hyderabad state joined the Union of India in 1948 after an Indian military invasion.
• In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State (part of the Madras Presidency during the British Raj) to form Andhra Pradesh.
• A peasant-driven movement began to advocate for separation from Andhra Pradesh starting in the early 1950s, and continued until Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014.

Key Points

• In February 2014,Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament  of India for the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts from north-western Andhra Pradesh.
• Under this Hyderabad was to remain as the joint capital of both Telangana and Andhra Pradesh for a period, not more than ten years after that period Hyderabad shall be the capital of the state of Telangana and there shall be a new capital for the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Geographical Location

• Telangana is an Indian Peninsular State situated on the south-central stretch of Indian Peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the twelfth largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India.
• BORDERING STATES: Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south.

Four State Icons of Telangana are:

• State Bird – Palapitta (Indian Roller or Blue Jay).
• State Animal – Jinka (Deer).
• State Tree – Jammi Chettu (Prosopis Cineraria).
• State Flower – Tangedu (Tanner’s Cassia).

These symbols reflect the culture and tradition of Telangana State and three of them Tangedu flowers, Blue Jay and Jammi Chettu - are associated with the popular festivals of Batukamma and Dasara. 
While Tangedu flowers are used in the stacking of Batukammas, spotting the Blue Jay on Dasara is considered a good omen and people worship Jammi Chettu on that day.