The type of Non Tariff Measures is i Sanitary and Photosanitary Measures ii Price Control Measures i...........

Economic and Social Issues Liberalization, Privatization and Globalisation

According to recently published “The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2019”, non-tariff measures (NTMs) have increased in the past two decades. Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are policy measures — other than ordinary customs tariffs — that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both. A detailed classification is therefore critical in order to clearly identify and distinguish among the various forms of NTMs. The International Classification of NTMs follows taxonomy of all measures considered relevant in today's international trade. This classification comprises technical measures, such as sanitary or environmental protection measures, as well as others traditionally used as instruments of commercial policy, e.g. quotas, price control, exports restrictions, or contingent trade protective measures, and also other behind-the-border measures, such as competition, trade-related investment measures, government procurement or distribution restrictions.

The type of Non Tariff Measures is:

i Sanitary and Photosanitary Measures

ii Price Control Measures

iii Finance needed for trade measures

iv Export related measures

v Pre shipment inspection and other formalities

Select the correct answer using the code given below

i. ii, iii and iv only

i. ii, iii and v only

i. ii, iv and v only

all of the above

none of these

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Explanation:

NTMs are policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both. A detailed classification is therefore critical in order to clearly identify and distinguish among the various forms of NTMs.

Types of NTMs

•Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Measures that are applied to protect human or animal life from risks arising from contaminants or disease-causing organisms in food.

•Price Control Measures: Measures intending to control or affect the prices of imported goods. E.g. Minimum import prices imposed on precious metals like gold to cut down non-essential imports.

•Export Related Measures: Measures applied by the government of the exporting country on exported goods.

Measures implemented to control or affect the prices of imported goods.

A minimum import price is established for fabric and apparel.Imports of fresh blueberries may enter free of duty between 1 January to 31 May, while in other months seasonal duties apply.