Advantages associated with demographic dividend are i Better Economic growth ii Rapid Indu...........

Economic and Social Issues Population Trends

According to United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), demographic dividend means, "the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older)".The general opinion about Indian demography has been mainly about the young workforce, which is bound to give dividends to India. It implies that India is going to remain likethat. However, the data from the 4th National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) 2015-16 for the survey period 2013-15 has signaled a monumental shift in modern Indian demographics, as India’s total fertility rates have seen a change. With the Total Fertility Rate now below the replacement rate, Indian population growth has moved past its peak. It signals that the growth of number of youth in the country is on the decline, as the population pyramid has inverted for the first time ever.With fewer births each year, a country’s working-age population grows larger relative to the young dependent population. With more people in the labor force and fewer children to support, a country has a window of opportunity for economic growth if the right social and economic investments and policies are made in health, education, governance, and the economy.

Advantages associated with demographic dividend are

i Better Economic growth

ii Rapid Industrialization and urbanisation

iii Rise in work force

iv Effective Policy making

Select the cporrect answer using the code given below

i. ii, iii

ii, iii and iv only

i. iii and iv only

all of the above

none of these

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Explanation:

Advantages Associated with Demographic Dividend

Better economic growth brought about by increased economic activities due to higher working age population and lower dependent population. It will be channelised in following ways:

Increased Labour Force that enhances the productivity of the economy.
Increased fiscal space created by the demographic dividend to divert resources from spending on children to investing in physical and human infrastructure.
Rise in women’s workforce that naturally accompanies a decline in fertility, and which can be a new source of growth.
Increase in savings rate, as the working age also happens to be the prime period for saving.

Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation because of higher number of employment seeking population that would force higher economic activities.

Rise in workforce: With more than 65% of working age population, India will rise as an economic superpower, supplying more than half of Asia’s potential workforce over the coming decades.

Effective policy making: Fine-tuning the planning and implementation of schemes and programmes by factoring in population dynamics is likely to yield greater socio-economic impact and larger benefits for people.