Explanation:

- Option 1 - Criminal Law: The Transfer of Property Act deals with civil matters regarding property transactions rather than criminal law, which handles offenses and penalties.

- Option 2 - Equity and Trust: Although equity and trust laws can influence property transactions, they operate on principles of fairness and moral obligations rather than directly governing the transfer of property.

- Option 3 - Constitutional Law: Constitution is the supreme law governing fundamental principles of governance rather than specific statutes like property transfers.

- Option 4 - Contract Law: Contract law directly underpins many provisions in the Transfer of Property Act, as property transactions involve agreements that are subject to contractual principles.