Which of the following duties have been included by Austin in the category of ldquo Absolute duties ...........

Constitutional Law FR, DPSPS and Duties

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Which of the following duties have been included by Austin in the category of “Absolute duties”?

I- Duties owed to indeterminate persons-

II- Self regarding duties-

III- Duties owed to the sovereign-

IV- Duties owed to the parents-

Select the correct answer by using the codes below:

Codes:

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, and IV

I, II and III

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Explanation:

- John Austin, a legal theorist, categorized duties into absolute and relative duties.

- Absolute duties are those which do not correlate with any rights or are not directly owed to any specific individual.

- Statement I: Duties owed to indeterminate persons - These are duties that apply generally without a specific individual holding a corresponding right. This fits the category of absolute duties.

- Statement II: Self-regarding duties - These refer to obligations directed towards oneself. They do not grant rights to another, fitting them into the absolute duties category.

- Statement III: Duties owed to the sovereign - These duties are owed because the sovereign does not have corresponding rights in a legal sense. Thus, they align with absolute duties.

- Statement IV: Duties owed to the parents - These involve specific individuals (the parents) and usually correlate with rights held by those individuals, making them relative rather than absolute.

The correct option is 4: I, II, and III.