Explanation:

- Facta Probanda:

- These are the essential facts that a party needs to establish to support their claims or defenses in litigation.

- Must be stated in the pleadings to lay out the necessary elements of a case.

- Facta Probantia:

- These are the evidential facts that support or prove the facta probanda.

- Typically included in evidence rather than the pleadings themselves.

- Option 1: Facta Probanda

- Correct. Facta probanda must be stated in the pleadings as they establish the essential framework of the case.

- Option 2: Facta Probantia

- Incorrect. These are not mandatory in pleadings, as they deal with evidence.

- Option 3: Both (a) and (b) above

- Incorrect. Only facta probanda is necessary in the pleadings.

- Option 4: Neither (a) nor (b)

- Incorrect. Facta probanda is required.