Explanation:

- Option 1: Some offences may appear criminal but primarily enforce civil rights, like certain breaches of contract where the law imposes penalties.

- Option 2: Certain acts might not be criminal in essence, such as strict liability offences where intent doesn't matter, like selling expired products.

- Option 3: Public nuisance cases prevent harm to the community, so the focus is on the act itself rather than intent.

- Option 4: Encompasses all exceptions, highlighting scenarios where Mens Rea isn't necessary, which aligns with the above examples.

Answer: All of these.

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